Needs Analysis The Who, What, When and Where of Training...

Needs Analysis: The Who, What, When and Where of Training In a nutshell, (needs) analysis is the planning we do in order to figure out what to do. Allison Rossett, 1999 Needs analysis is the systematic basis for decisions about how to influence performance (Stout, 1995). This is where it all begins -- establishing relationships, exploring strategies, and defining solutions. The key is to seek the gap between the current situation and the desired situation and then to focus resources where theyre most needed. The analysis must determine root causes. For example, a question about why something doesnt or wont work is just as critical as what people do and do not know. Needs assessment then is a study conducted to†¦show more content†¦These problems are usually caused by new hires, promotions, transfers, appraisals, or the introduction of new technologies (Clark, 1998). Training departments must act rapidly when problems arise that might require a training solution. They must first, investigate the problem. A training need exists when an employee lacks the knowledge or skill to perform an assigned task satisfactorily. It also arises when there is a variation between what the employee is expected to do on the job and the employee’s actual job performance. Implementing a training needs analysis is a major organizational task. The process often requires input from job holders, managers and training personnel and therefore needs to be carefully structured and directed. The analysis of results gathered is also an involved task and demands a good level of skill and understanding. A needs analysis answers the questions who, what, when, and where but not how, that is, the target audience (who needs to be trained), the task or content (what needs to be taught) and the context or training environment (where and when the training needs to be conducted) (Clark, 1998). Allison Rossett lists five essential components of a needs assessment: actuals, optimals, feelings, causes and solutions (Dick Carey, 1996). The purpose of an assessment is to acquire information on each of these components in order to verify a need and identify possibleShow MoreRelatedHrm- Training Need Analysis1633 Words   |  7 PagesTraining Needs Analysis Purpose A Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is used to assess an organization’s training needs. The root of the TNA is the gap analysis. This is an assessment of the gap between the knowledge, skills and attitudes that the people in the organization currently possess and the knowledge, skills and attitudes that they require to meet the organization’s objectives. The training needs assessment is best conducted up front, before training solutions are budgeted, designed and deliveredRead MoreEvaluation Of A Customer Service Training Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesHR Training Class The author of this paper is a member of the Human Resources (HR) team of a small retail company and has been assigned to create a new employee customer service training class for all new employees. Training is vital to teach new employees the knowledge and skills required for a job. According to Stewart and Brown (2012), training is â€Å"a planned effort to help employees learn job-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes† (p. 332). The purpose of this paper is to present a detailedRead MoreEvaluation Of A Training Program1140 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What is a training program? A training program are programs created for teaching employees in particular skills. Employee training is an essential in maintaining a great staff and keeping everyone communicating. Having a training program that is well created to establish and achieve maximum results. The requirements of the training program are recognized during a training needs analysis (TNA). When a training program is executed properly, it would increase total production and provideRead MoreNeeds Assessment Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesPepsi’s Needs Assessment Paper November 27, 2011 By: Krystal M. Jackson HR 592 Professor: Bill Carnes Introduction Every organization at some point must design a training and development program to make sure that the managers and employees get the skills that it would take to perform their job. In order to design a training and development program, the organization must conduct a need assessment. â€Å"Need assessment is the process used to determine if training is necessary; it alsoRead MoreEvaluation Of An Effective Training Program1343 Words   |  6 Pageseffective training program is a thorough analysis of the training needs of an organization. With the amount of financial resources required to invest in a high quality training program, it is imperative that organizations do their due diligence in revealing the learning needs of their staff. A needs analysis can also differentiate between issues where training is an answer, and those challenges in which training is not a solution. All of these factors are addressed in a proper training needs analysisRead MoreStrategic Planning, Learni ng Theory, and Training Needs Analysis1729 Words   |  7 Pagesphases of the training process model include; Needs Analysis Phase; Design Phase; Development Phase; Implementation Phase, and the Evaluation Phase. The â€Å"Needs Analysis Phase† is to determine each employee’s needs and ask â€Å"What do we want our employees to get out of the program?† This phase will help identify the difference between comparing the company’s current results to the company’s â€Å"expected organizational performances. The performance gap is one way to figure out what is best neededRead MoreOrganizational Analysis And Training Needs Assessment1388 Words   |  6 Pagesbusinesses, need to be trained properly in order for the company to be productive and successful. While trying to decide these needs various companies use a TNA, training needs assessment. TNA is an essential assessment that companies should have to see how to train their employees successfully. Organization analysis, task analysis, and person analysis are the three steps required to perform a TNA. Organizational analysis reviews the company’s workplace, ideas, and facility assets to figure out w hat trainingRead MoreTraining, Learning And Development903 Words   |  4 PagesTRAINING, LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT An Organization put efforts to help their employees to learn new skills, abilities and knowledge related to their job to motivate and meet with organization strategy. Also, in Swift Current company they provide training to their employees on basis of their analysis what they need, for example if there is a department who is struggling with team work, Then HR department Watch the team and asses how they are dealing with things. Then, by interviewing with employeesRead MoreA Successful Training Plan for Landslide Limousine Company1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthis report is to communicate a successful training plan to Bradley Stonefiled for his Landslide Limousine company. The report will contain three sections in the main body: Needs Assessment, Training Methods and Evaluation Strategies. This report will contain all the necessary information to put this company on the right track and begin enjoying a competitive advantage once implemented and running at full capacity. Needs Assessment Before any training begins, it is absolutely necessary that theRead MoreTraining And Development Is Vital For Any Business1195 Words   |  5 PagesTraining and development is vital for any business to grow. Training allows employees to acquire new skills, expertise which increases the motivation and productivity. Training tend to be more narrowly focused and oriented toward short-term performance concerns (Snell, Morris, Bohlander , 2016, sec. 7.1 para.1). On the other hand development tends to be oriented more toward broadening an individual’s skills for future responsibilities (Snell, Morris, Bohlander, 2016, sec. 7.1 para. 1). Both the

My Writing Style Of The Professor - 961 Words

It is the end of the spring quarter in 2015, and I felt like I have learned a lot in Asian American Studies 100 AA. The most thing that I like with this class is the teaching style of the professor. The professor made the course very interesting, because when I came to the Tuesday class, I can learn the knowledge from the Asian American history, and when I went to the Thursday class, I can listen to my classmates’ opinion. This is what I like about the teaching style of the professor. I can actually learn things from the class, and I also can discuss with my classmates about the article. In this letter, I will discuss the most interesting thing I learned in the course is about Chinatown, and how this course relate to my international students life in the United States, also, it will discuss my contribution to and feelings about my team, our project, and our presentation. This course is mostly talking about Chinatown, many of the articles that professor wanted us to read are re late to the history of Chinatown. The most interesting fact that I did not know before I took this class is that the Chinatown of San Francisco is the first Chinatown in the United States. I was living in San Jose for three years to study at community college. Therefore, I have been to the Chinatown in San Francisco several times, but I always think that Chinatown is really old and dirty, so I usually walk like five minutes and leave. After I took this class, I learned the history of this Chinatown,Show MoreRelated My experience throughout English 101 Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesMy Experience throughout English 101   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As writers, many students write to the expectations of their professors and not to their fullest potential. Throughout English 101 I had been writing only to please my professor or to fill the basic requirement to pass English. I always felt that my writing ability was never enough for my professors throughout the previous years. They always wanted clear and concise essays, which for some reason was unreachable by me. However, starting college and takingRead MoreInterview Summary : Style Of Business Writing898 Words   |  4 Pages Interview Summary - The Style of Business Writing Melissa E. de Castro California State University  Interview Summary - The Style of Business Writing As a pre-Business Administration or pre-business student, I interviewed a professor from my department. I conducted a classroom observation of a required Business class. The class was MGMT 102 - Business Communications taught by Randall Benfield, which I thoroughly enjoyed as a visitor. With permission, I interviewed him on Thursday, MarchRead MoreMy Thanks to Professor Payte835 Words   |  4 PagesIve always had this fascination towards writing because it envelops an entirely eclectic discipline where one style of writing can be assimilated to create another, and be described as remarkable as the other. However, I let this penchant get the better of me. Before I enrolled in this course, I thought my writing abilities were beyond spectacular- boy was I wrong. I soon found out, with the help of Professor Payte and peers, that my writing is light-years away from spectacular. During theRead MoreThe Self Assessment Test ( Bethel University, 2014 )908 Words   |  4 Pagesthings I need to improve on, as well as areas that I have enhanced in (Bethel University, 2014). The five weakest areas in my life go hand in hand. My weakest areas are Writing, the ability to conduct research, the ability to adapt to change, my self esteem and confidence, and the ability to focus on one thing at a time (Bethel University, 2014). Writing, research, and grammar are my first areas of weakness I want to master. I feel that when I master these skills it will help me to become more confidentRead MoreCritical Thinking Skill At Me My Professor948 Words   |  4 Pages As a science major I am not given the opportunity to explore my imagination; everything that I learn is factual and unquestionable. Having the opportunity to take an advanced course such as English 1301, opened the window to a world of imagination, information, and wisdom. Prior to taking this course I struggled with different writing skills such as, understanding the process of writing, analyzing reading selection and applying basic critical thinking skill in an argumentative essay. I also struggledRead MoreAttending A Traditional Classroom Setting931 Words   |  4 Pagessetting; I can say for my academic journey the online setting better suited my learning type. When I graduated high school I went to a traditional university, I did not do well and ended withdrawing and failing classes. I attended an online university a few years later and found that it was a lot more conducive to my learning style. The traditional college setting may be better suited for students that may need more structure for learning. Sitting in a classroom with a professor telling you exactlyRead MoreReflection On Writing801 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout this semester I learned a lot about writing essay. Before this course I knew only one style of essay, because in high school, I wrote essay only for Literature classes. In this class I found that writing could be structured in many ways. Moreover, all reading that I have helped me to think critically and analyze all information that I get. A large number of examples in these readings and my own experience in this course introduced me that sometimes people are getting mislead, because ofRead MoreAnalyzing My Self Reflective Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesreviewing my self-reflective essay from my Introduction to English Studies I have surmised that I have changed quite a bit, in terms of what should be considered as literature and a part of literar y studies. My previous idea of literature was largely shaped by the texts I had read in high school and the more â€Å"archaic† courses reviewing Shakespeare, Milton, and Chaucer. As I began to explore other classes I was able to create a new definition. The most encompassing perspective was gained in my TheoriesRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Writers Are Instinctively Good At Writing986 Words   |  4 PagesMy Climb to the Top I used to believe that professional writers are instinctively good at writing. However, professor Watson showed me that unlike an athlete or a musician, a writer is not born with God-given skills. It takes practice in order to maintain their profound writing skills. In other words, all writers have to start off somewhere, and it is usually at the bottom and progresses upwards. As a freshman, I took a workload writing course where Professor Watson helped me to become aware ofRead MoreGraduation Speech On The State Exams1460 Words   |  6 PagesProfile Essay Throughout the 15 years of my academic career, academic writing has become a much larger part of the curriculum. The writing assignments have gone from simple, one- line sentences describing a picture to a simple, 3- paragraph persuasive essay on the state exams in high school; all the way to a 25 page comprehensive research essay during my freshman year at East Stroudsburg University. As the years and assignments progressed, I developed a set of writing weakness and strengths that still shape

Hae’s Murder Free Essays

Hae orchestrated her own murder with the help of a third party to frame Adnan. Suppose the plan was to plant Hae’s body in Adnan’s car in order to frame Adnan. Hae’s accomplice mistook Jay for Adnan (or followed Adnan’s car, that Jay borrowed), and Adnan discovered Hae’s body in Adnan’s car, freaked out, and either confronted Adnan and they both buried the body together, or buried the body himself but pointing the finger to Adnan, or just left the body to Adnan to deal with. We will write a custom essay sample on Hae’s Murder or any similar topic only for you Order Now The anonymous tip came from Hae’s accomplice. The tip was specific about pinning it on one particular person.The body was buried in a way that wanted to be found (shallow grave of 6 inches). Mr S probably received a tip or heard a rumor about the grave. Someone wanted the body to be found and led to Adnan. If Adnan had premeditated the murder, he could have pre-dug grave or dug deeper grave. It seems far fetched but we hardly know anything about Hae, except for her diary, her post-breakup letter to Adnan, and some of her Lacrosse buddies called her a tick, as in a very competitive spirit who could not let go. The picture she painted of their relationship in her diary sounded like she was more into Adnan than he was. He recounted being upset about the break up for a while but got over it because it’s just high school stuff.She was in love with him despite him calling her the devil, and his sin, and endured public embarrassment by his parents at the homecoming dance. Adnan and his friends thought it was funny.Aisha recounted that Hae didn’t think it was funny.Hae wrote in her diary that Adnan would have to choose between her or his religion. She believed that love will â€Å"conquer all†. She would need to make him see this, that she is above his belief. She broke up with him, started dating an older guy to make Adnan jealous, to get back at him and in hopes that he would recognize his mistake. Adnan would come running back to her and commit his undying love for her forever religion be-damned. Instead, Adnan got over her and started dating other women, multiple women, and is so casual about it. Hae becomes mad hurt, jealous, and plots her own murder to frame Adnan. By the time Jay (or Jay and Adnan) discover the body, they’re probably high and freaking out. Adnan (who knew nothing) was probably having a hard time convincing Jay that he didn’t do it and Jay is probably super convinced that Adnan is the killer that his mind â€Å"filled in the blanks† by the police investigation and made his story corroborate police findings. This would explain why his stories change from time to time.They may have disposed of the bodies together. idkThe identity of the anonymous tipper, the story from the neighbor boy about seeing a girl’s dead body in the trunk, the coincidence of finding the body, all make me believe that there is a third person who indirectly pointed to the location of the body and blamed Adnan. How to cite Hae’s Murder, Papers

Translation Theory Revision free essay sample

Susan Basset: Telling the same things in a different language in a way that sounds natural, getting the point across. Translation types: Semiotic classification: Intralingual – an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language Interlingual – an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Intersemiotic – an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Binary classifications: Free translation translator replaces a social, or cultural, reality in the source text with a corresponding reality in the target text Literal rendering of text from one language to another word-for-word. Overt – is a TT that does not mean to be an original. The individual text function cannot be tha same for TT and ST since the cultures are different. Covert – ST is not linked to the ST culture or audience; both ST and TT address their respective receivers directly. Domestication vs foreigization: translation methods that move the writer toward [the reader], i. We will write a custom essay sample on Translation Theory Revision or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . , fluency, and those that move the reader toward [the author] (domestication) , i. e. , an extreme fidelity to the foreignness of the source text (foreignization). Documentary (preserve the original exoticizing setting) vs instrumental (adaptation of the setting to the target culture) Text Type Theory: Katharina Reiss. Determine, what kind of text you are dealing with: †¢ Informative – plain facts (newspaper article) †¢ Expressive – creative composition (poetry) †¢ Operative – including behavioural responses (ads) †¢ Multi/audio-medial (films or visual/oral ads) Equivalence: Dynamic equivalence (also known as functional equivalence) attempts to convey the thought expressed in a source text (if necessary, at the expense of literalness, original word order, the source texts grammatical voice, etc. ), while formal equivalence attempts to render the text word-for-word (if necessary, at the expense of natural expression in the target language). J. C. Catford †¢ A formal correspondent – any TL category which van be said to occupy the ‘same’ place in SL †¢ A textual equivalent – any TL text or part of text that van be said to be the equivalent of the ST Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) A firmly empirical (kogemuslik) discipline †¢ Describes and maps translations †¢ Proposes hypotheses as why the translations are like they are †¢ Avoids being prescriptive The aim of DTS is to acquire insight into the nature and function of translation as a cultural and historical phenomenon DTS leading figures : Gideon Toury, Andre Lefevere Early translation theory Cicero – senise-for-sense. Synthesized in Latin Greek philosophers. The founder of Western translation theory. The 1st to comment on the process of translation. Translation serves as the study and imitation of rhetorical models. Free translation that is focused on the meaning. Horace model – target orientation. Aesthetically pleasing and creative translation. Art of Poetry. Quintilian – remarks on translations are v much in the Ciceroian tradition. Makes a difference between: metaphrasis – replacing a single word with a single word; paraphrasis – replacing a phrase with a phrase. Jerome model – translation Bible –gt; latin „Vulgateâ€Å" (405. y). Translated sense-for-sense, rather that word-for-word. German Romanticism: individual author’s vision. Author is a creator. Shlegel: all writings in act of translation: Schleiermacher: translator could take the reader along and make him walk with the author or in the other way around.. Word-for-word translation onorthodox view of translation. †¢ Herder, Goethe, Humbolt, the Shlegel brothers, Shleiermacher †¢ translations of Homeric epics, the Greek tragedies and Shakespeare †¢ Emergence of the German tradition as opposed to the French †¢ strive for an independent literary culture Goethe: 3 stages of translation: 1) aquainted us the foreign language in his own terms (Luther Kings’s Bible) 2) French tradition – use of its own criteria, own rules ) The same idendity between source and target language. Eugene Nida. Formal equivalence – attention to the transfer of message, both form and content Dynamic / functional equivalence – seeks the closest natural equivalence for the source language message Principles: 1. making sense 2. conveying the spirit and manner of the original 3. having a natural and easy fo rm of expression 4. producing a similar response †¢ 1. give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. †¢ 2. reproduce the style and manner of writing of the original. †¢ 3. ave all the ease of the original composition. Nida’s equivalent effect criticized: †¢ too concerned with the word level †¢ difficult or impossible to achieve †¢ overly theological Nida differentiates between: †¢ Linguistic meaning. the meaningful relationship between words, phrases and sentences. †¢ Referential meaning. â€Å"the words as symbols which refer to objects, events, abstracts, relations† Methods: hierarchical structuring, componential analysis, semantic structure analysis †¢ Emotive meaning Toury? s norm theory: Defines social norms. Preliminary norm: concerned with translation policy The initial norm: expressed through operational norms which direct actual decisions made during the translating process. Corpus studies †¢ Corpus – compurerized collection of documents †¢ A token – each word as it occurs †¢ A type – each different word The type-token ratio is a text? s lexical density(tihedus) Postcolonialism: †¢ Resist domination †¢ Emphasis on the impact and significance of translation in a context of political, military, economic and cultural power differentials (vahe) †¢ Is characterizied by hybridity (ristandumine) and self-reflection English theory Early English translation of the Bible: John Wycliffe – published Bible’s English version (late 14th c). Tried to translate the meaning, but preserve its form. William Tyndale – 1525 Bible’s German version (Greek) The King James Bible 1611 Bible’s English version Early translations of the Bible in English †¢ Wycliffe Bible 1380-1384 revised by John Purvey in 1408 . Published Bible English version. Trying to translate the meaning but preserve its form (w-for-w) †¢ William Tyndale 1525 (w-for-w) †¢ Bishops Bible 1568 The King James Bible the Authorized Version 1604 -1611 John Dryden on translation: 1) metaphrase – word-for-word; 2) paraphrase – sense-for-sense 3)imitation – absolute freedom. Tytler 18th c: 1) translation should give source language complete context. 2) style and manner should be similar. 3) reader should see it as fluid as original text. Essays on the translations, self-standing thoug hts on translations, artistic activity = transl. Edward Fitzgerald: Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam: Persian poetry, imperial attitude. uatrain rhyme scheme: AABA Early theory and practice of translation in England: draws on two traditions: †¢ Classical Latin translation, from the Greek †¢ Early Christian Latin translation from the Scriptures, the Hebrew, Aramaic King Alfred (871-99) and his policy of translation. †¢ Augustine’s Soliloquies and Gregory’s Pastoral Care †¢ Gregory’s Dialogues †¢ Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People Benedictine reform a revival of monasticism, ?lfric’s homilies a need to educate the uneducated

The door to December Review Essay Example

The door to December Review Paper Essay on The door to December Dean Koontz fascinated me from the first page. There was a time when I could not tear myself away from the books. They forced me to grow cold with horror, not allowed to sleep at night because I often could not go into the arms of Morpheus, not having read another horror story of this American. And the beginning of our relationship with the book doors in December ». familiarity with the works of Dean Koontz, and specifically with this work I owe my classmate, however, she did not even suspect. Once at a seminar on editing fiction prepodsha asked what book now reads every one of us. It was then that I first heard the unfamiliar name Dean Koontz On the same evening, immediately after school went to the bookstore.. Glozhit curiosity: How could I, a bookworm with the experience and the first time I heard about this author ?! Complete chaos! . On a shelf, as if by order of creation stood Dean Koontz doors in December. I grabbed the book and rushed to cash in anticipation of the pleasure of reading. And I was not disappointed! However, it was quite a long time and now it is difficult to remember what kind of emotions overwhelmed me when I closed the last page. But one thing I will never forget as I was sorry for the poor little Melanie, over which so humiliated The book is just wonderful. Impossible to put down! We will write a custom essay sample on The door to December Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The door to December Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The door to December Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After that, Dean Koontz for a long time has become one of my favorite authors. I like crazy, I started buying his books, which were many. Since then, several years have passed. My attitude to the work of this author is not changed. I continue to read his book, which I very, very much. Although not consecutive, and alternating with other favorite writers, which in my list a lot.

Healthy Eating

Healthy Eating Free Online Research Papers Eating the right things and knowing what to choose can be difficult if you do not know what you are looking for. To eat healthy one has to choose the right fruits and vegetables which can be tricky. Healthy eating can be pricey. If you have ever been to the store and seen the prices there one would know. Healthy eating is hard for most people and can be expensive. It’s not your imagination eating right is costly. In fact you pay more than $30 more per day on food if you make healthy choices. Researchers at the University of Washington recently put together a study to consider food prices based on dollars per calories to help consumers understand the prices between healthy and not-so-healthy foods. Generally speaking, the foods highs in nutrients are low in calorie count while junk food tends to be calorie dense. The bottom line in this study was that high calorie foods jingle in at a cost of $3.52 per person per day compared to $36.32 for low calorie selections. Most consumers do a bit of balancing and plunk down $7 per day for food for each person(allison2008). With today’s society and the way people are losing jobs most can’t afford to eat none the less try to eat healthy. Many try to cut back by looking for the cheaper food which doesn’t mean the best food for you. People cut coupons, look through ads they receive in the mail also know as junk mail. Anything they can do to try and eat healthy; People just really need to think about what they are going to eat and how much to eat. We have all heard of portion control. Just try to cut down your portions into smaller ones than you are use to. As Americans we love to eat out at fast food places. The trick to eating at these places are order a salad with dressing on the side or maybe a grilled chicken sandwich instead of a breaded one. And the one thing we all love the most is soda try substituting water instead. These are just some ideas and they are really common sense. Here are some things that you should eat and what you should avoid. You should eat fruit that is fresh, dried without sulfur, preservatives, additives and sweeteners. Fruits that should be eaten are frozen without preservatives and additives. What you should avoid in fruit canned with heavy syrup or light syrup. Vegetables that should be eaten are fresh, raw, lightly steamed and baked. Vegetables to avoid are canned and overcooked. Grains that are good for you are whole grains that are unprocessed sugar free. Some grains to avoid are all products with white flour, white rice and instant oatmeal’s. Some legumes to may eat are dry beans and peas. Some legumes to avoid are canned and prepared with animal fat and pork and beans (Healthy eating Advisor, 2002-2009). The list can go on and on but these are just some examples so that one might understand. All this healthy eating should be considered in children especially. Many children are obese today because their parents choose not to feed them healthy foods. The guidelines to feeding children healthy food are about the same as an adult but have different portion sizes and may need more in certain areas than an adult. Parents need to realize that children can and should not live off of junk food just because they are lazy. Parents should offer their children a wide variety of foods like fruits and vegetables and dairy products. Like and adult just watch the amount you give them. The people particular that should be highlighted is the children and any person in poor health. Today people are getting healthy. If people where not getting healthy today they would be in poor health. Health eating present situation is better than many year ago but there are still many out there in poor health. The current range of public opinion on healthy eating is not known at this time. Any persons view could effectively represent one extreme. Anyone could represent an opposite view of the subject. Anyone in the public experience can serve to represent the majority of those directly involved in healthy eating. The public’s perception of the healthy eating differ from the experience of those directly involved with it because they think it is just easy to eat healthy but they don’t understand how hard it is to do. The future of healthy eating might hold that many people will be healthy and in good health if they continue to eat healthy. People might stay healthy if they continue to eat healthy because that is what happens. If a person does not eat healthy they can have a relapse and gain the weight they loss back or go back to poor health. The headline that might appear in a newspaper that would not be surprising to read or hear in the future is that many Americans are still obese. For the time being, the aspect of healthy eaten that reporters should be looking at is that many Americans are changing their lives and becoming healthy. Reader should be following the way that Americans are becoming healthy. The major conclusion about healthy eating that should be reported to my readers is that if they don’t take care of themselves and their children they will be in poor health and possibly overweight? Also children that are overweight have low self-esteem and get teased much. Why put a chil d in a place like that when it can be avoided. References Healthy Eating Advisor, (2002-2009). Retrieved Aug.16, 2009, From Healthy foods Do you know which foods are Healthy which are not.www.healthyeatingadvisor.com Allison,C.(2008, April 1). Eating Healthy is Expensive. Retrieved Aug. 16, 2009. From suite101.com. Website www.Suite101.com ? Research Papers on Healthy EatingGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasLifes What IfsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneThe Hockey GameAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

The food crisis of 2008 had been threatening for a few years, mostly Essay

The food crisis of 2008 had been threatening for a few years, mostly affecting the poor. A variety of causes but mostly mad-made - Essay Example 5-19, 2008). This crisis was one of the threatening incidents that not only affected a big faction of the human race who died of hunger and malnourishment but also grabbed the attention of the developed nations to the fact that with their increase in wealth, they are not performing adequately to surmount the world’s dilemmas and concerns. It has been an observation that the prosperous, successful, and developed countries have the least priority to nourish the starving population, though they have sufficient amount of food that they can provide to the entire inhabitants of the globe. One cannot ignore the reality that governments and United Nations need to put a lot of endeavor in such crises to embark on the problem of hunger. As there is a connection between different problems, resolving of one will lead to solve others as well. The food crises resulted in the sky-high prices of food. As an outcome of it, the fuel prices augmented due to the growing demand from the emergent n ations. With the increase in cost of commodities like food, fuel etc, and the unchanging income pattern of the individuals, it became difficult for them to pay for the basic and fundamental needs like food. The people that fall in the category of most effected sufferers are the poor natives like farmers and laborers and other low-income people (Shiva & Sagbo, pp. 5-19, 2008). It is a foremost right of all the natives of a country that government provides them with food security. This phenomenon refers to a condition where sufficient food is available for all the citizens, whether they are poor or rich. According to the research, it came under indication that due to the financial crisis and change in climate/weather the world has experienced, the supply of food to the natives has seen a drastic turn down subjecting food security to jeopardy. The result of the crisis may have a grave effect on the political steadiness and may result in wars to obtain food for one self. According to th e reports of United Nations World Food Program, "For the world's most vulnerable, the perfect storm [caused by climate, poverty, environmental degradation and political instability] is hitting with a vengeance† (Cribb, pp.1-14, 2010). This statement reflects the idea about the crisis that the world is undergoing unprecedented food shortage leaving an indelible imprint on the lives of many. Due to its effects, nobody is in a condition to provide an aid to each other. The short-term factors that caused the food crises in the years 2008 and 2011 were innumerable. However, only few came under investigations, which are as follows: some countries, known for only wheat agriculture, which is one of the staple foods for the majority of the population, observed famine in past years resulting in disappearance of wheat crops (Karrer, pp. 45-69, 2008). Another reason for the crisis was the increase in the consumption of meat in developing countries resulting in shortage of meat products. F urthermore, according to studies, the fact has revealed that the proportion of the population who are obese is increasing resulting in over consumption of food worldwide. Due to the increase in oil prices, the transportation cost for carrying foods from farm to market has also risen, adding to the food prices (Karrer, pp. 45-69, 2008). Where global recession has terribly crushed the powerful economies,

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - CAM Therapies Assignment

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - CAM Therapies - Assignment Example are applied in place of the conventional medicine and the intention behind their use is a treatment or curing of a health related condition which would still be achieved using the mainstream medicine. The difference between complementary treatment and alternative treatment is that in complementary treatment, medicine may be used while in alternative treatment, mainstream medicine is not used. Conventional and alternative treatment methods are many and are usually even administered by highly trained persons. These methods include: acupuncture, chiropractic, osteopathy, naturopathy, traditional Chinese medicine, aromatherapy, massage therapy, meditation, and yoga. Conventional medical practices or allopathic medicine is a term which is usually used by supporters of alternative treatment methods to denote mainstream use of manufactured agents or interventions to cure or to overwhelm symptoms or pathophysiological developments or even disorders. This treatment approach is a wide subdivision in the medical practice field which is used to refer to western medicine and medical practices. This method is also referred to as biomedicine or evidence based medicine or sometimes, modern medicine. These modern medical treatment practices have various importances: they are best when it comes to the treatment of traumatic conditions such as accident cases which would otherwise be hectic to treat using the alternative methods of treatment. These methods are also very flexible, they are flexible in that they can be administered online, where patients say their symptoms and then trained personnel can recommend the drugs to be taken. This is not available to most alternative treatment methods which majorly need strict observance by a trained instructor. However, this practice also has their drawbacks in that they are costly to access and requires training of the doctors. As pointed out earlier, acupuncture is one of the convectional and alternative methods of treatment. This

Refugee protection in International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Refugee protection in International Law - Essay Example The essays together give a broad overview of the dimensions of refugee protection, especially setting out to what extent and how refugee protection is at present grounded in international law. It also points out the paradox that despite an emerging ‘theory of race’ that stipulates that race is not biological, in order to achieve protection, membership of a certain group, and thus race, has once again to be established – often based on biological criteria.The publication will be particularly helpful because of the breadth of its cover and also due to the legal aspects that are covered. When looking at the question of refugees, it is often unclear what means are legally open to people who are fleeing their country and how effective these avenues may be. There is often evidence that refugee-seekers are not following established pathways, with blame often attached to these people as ‘not genuine’ or as ‘queue-jumpers’.... The Editor in Chief is Professor Edward Craig and the source has become an essential research tool for university faculties and students alike. The definition sought from this source was that of ‘theory of race’, for which an entry by Michael Banton was available. In his article, he argues that race is not pure , as stipulated by Cuvier, nor does it develop over time, as Darwin suggested. Both these views mark racial discrimination as an integral part of race. Banton argues instead that racial discrimination is ‘learned’ and that race does not constitute ‘genetic or social’ difference and that there is no biological evidence that such a distinction exists in nature. For his summation, he draws on the findings of scientists as well as social scientists, including Freud, Linden, Martin and Jupp). At the outset of research into ‘races’ it is vital to understand what is meant by this term, as the word ‘race’ has been and st ill is used in a multitude of ways and understanding (including my own) has been quite ambiguous. It is startling to find to what extent we are taking for grated that ‘race’ is a fact and to what degree the ‘certainty’ of belonging to a race pervades communication. Refocusing this issue is therefore of paramount importance before writing about it. From this new perspective, it is possible to approach the task of ‘races and refugees’ with a deeper understanding of the problems of identification that exist in the home countries of those who flee. Suhrke, Astri. â€Å"Human security and the protection of refugees†, in Edward Newman and Joanne van Selm (eds.), Refugees and Forced Displacement: International

Globalization Is Not New A Phenomenon Economics Essay

Globalization Is Not New A Phenomenon Economics Essay Globalization is not new a phenomenon, for thousands of years people acting on their own and later corporations used to buy and sell products and services (trade) to each other on lands, shores and seas at great distances, great example is the famous Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Under the term of Globalization political scientists promote the process of interaction and integration amongst the people, companies and governments of different nations, a process which is driven by international trade and investment and aided through media and modern technologies. This process influences directly or indirectly the environment, culture, political system, economic development and prosperity of every human nation and every single person in the world. There are different types of Globalization or combination of these types. To understand better the purposes and procedures that took place in each circumstance, we have to analyze each type separately. Financial Globalization/Integration Financial Globalization is the process through which financial markets in an economy become more closely integrated (related) with those in other economies or those in the rest of the world through the financial flows. Types of integration Integration of the public sector based on borrowing. There are two types: the issuance of foreign currency debt, and the issuance of the local currency debt Integration based on foreign direct investment, which is direct investment into the production or business in one country by a company from another country Integration of the corporate sector where the investors buy or sell the stocks and bonds of other countries firm in domestic asset market The integration of the Banking sector through the interbank market, banks can borrow or lend temporarily Economic Globalization International economy improved due to the effect of globalization. Many countries remove their borders or create trade agreements in order to increase the inflow of trade as the consequence markets become more efficient, productive, competitive and cooperative. Examples of economic globalization are: NAFTA, EU and MNCs. Technological Globalization New and advanced technologies take part in making globalization possible, using airplanes, satellites, telephones, televisions and computers it is possible to transfer information from one place to another, with greater efficiency and effectiveness which characterizes the modern world. In this way not only technologies are being transferred, but at the same time people are able obtain information, knowledge and skills. Political Globalization Economical and cultural globalization has as a consequence countries to become more interconnected politically. Regular movement of people, money and information creates a lot of fortunes but also misfortunes, such as crime, for that reason in 2002 the International Criminal Court was established to fight those sorts of problems. Other political issues that have been discussed on global bases are that of global climate change, the terrorism, drug traffic etc. Cultural Globalization Today the ease of expansion of traditional customs has brought Globalization of cultures, where people from different parts of the world can get closer to each other much easier. The symbol of the cultural globalization is the well known American fast food chain McDonalds, it has more than 31,000 restaurants in 118 countries. Some menu products, such as the Big Mac, are the same all over the world. Other menu products may be specific to a particular region. McDonalds in Japan features a green-tea flavored milkshake. At McDonalds in Uruguay, a McHuevo is a burger topped with a fried egg. Globalization has brought McDonalds billions of customers-consumers worldwide. Other cultural trends that someone can find common in many countries are the music, clothes, film industries etc. Ecological Globalization Ecological Globalization refers to the collective impact that the diverse processes of Globalization have on the health of the natural systems. Due to Globalization people, money, ideas and pollution travel at high speeds and rates in every corner of the world. To address these issues, from Stockholm Declaration 1972-till date, lots of discussions have taken place of the needs and strategies for the protection of ecology and environment on a Global level. The UN Conferences from Stockholm proclaimed certain fundamental principles of international environmental law, such as Polluter Pays Principle, Precautionary Principle, Sustainable Development, Intergenerational Equity and responsibility, Common but differentiated responsibilities, Rights of individuals, equality of access to procedures and non-discrimination in environmental matters etc. These principles have been proclaimed after extensive investigations done by experts in their fields. Sociological Globalization The term social globalization refers to the impact of the globalization on the life and work of people, their families and their societies. Important issues like employment, working conditions, income and social protection are often raised and connected with this part of globalization. PRO ET CONTRA So far, we examined the types of global integrated nations, it means that every union (included two or more nations) may follow some of these specific patterns separately, or may include all the assortment of Globalizations types, it all depends on the contracts between the members. From now on, we will examine the advantages and disadvantages that union members enjoy during the process of Globalization. 2.1 Advantages Free Trade: is a way of easier exchange of goods and services. The basis of the trade agreement is the elimination of import and export borders, through the reduction of any levies, duties, taxes, subsidies and quotas. The absence or reduction of some or all of those factors, usually leads to a significant increase of exchange of goods and services between the member states. Another important benefit of the trade agreement is the concept of comparative advantage. According to David Ricardo countries increase their economic well-being if and only if they are specialized in the production of goods at which they are best at and after on exchange the surplus of production with other goods of other countries. Greater Competition: due to the ease of free entrance in any member state, there is a tendency for private organizations from any field to enter free market, of course the purpose behind such action is only to gain more profit, but the whole problem is that to be competitive, companies have to reduce their prices to gain more and new customers since the more companies enjoy being in the market the more competitive and effective they have to be, firstly to be able to stay in the market and make sells and secondly to be able to make profit out of the whole process. Free movement of labor: free movement of labor force gives an external support to huge industrial entities to reach a higher level of efficiency (at lesser costs), it is not a secret that the biggest industrial companies in developed countries employ many foreign workers who are members of less developed states. In this case both parts are in gain the makers maybe because of deficit of domestic force or may be because of unwillingness of domestic labor to perform the specific tasks and jobs. On the other hand, labor force from less developed countries because of lower quality of life and maybe very high rate of unemployment are more willing to perform heavy or dirty jobs to cover their basic needs. Both of these phenomena show how important the free movement of labor can be. Increased Economies of Scale: as noted before, free trade leads to a comparative advantage (any country specialized at a particular subject at which it is most efficient). It can be also added that the specialization in one sector can lead to a better working mechanism (human/machinery) and achieve as better efficiency as possible. The result of specialization and better mechanization normally reaches larger productivity with lower costs (economy of scale) because of more effective use of resources. Investments: One other very important advantage of globalization is the investment. So when we talk about investment from the financial point of view, we mean the process of placing money into something with the expectation of gaining profit after specific or none specific period of time. Some examples of investment may be some sort of foreign equity, property and fixed interest securities. Corporations invest a lot of money into developing countries for personal reasons and very often transfer their production power to those countries. These kinds of actions give a huge incentive to both of the parties to achieve more profit (tax). 2.2 Disadvantages As we said before, free trade offers some very good advantages but at the same time there is one very important disadvantage of domestic inefficiency. To be clearer nowadays it is very difficult to create and sustain any new organization, even domestically. Huge international corporations simply do not give a chance to any new firm to operate in their fields, they usually produce products and services at much lower prices and bigger ranges than any new firm is able to. Great example of the kind organization is Microsoft, at the present Microsoft is one of the biggest corporations which specializes in anything that has to do with electronics, computers, hardware, software, electronic games and so on. Generally speaking, in some sectors Microsoft has nearly monopolized the world market and its very difficult for any new and small corporation to survive in this kind of competition. Environmental costs: there is another big disadvantage of globalization, the increased use of non renewable resources. Due to better and easier ways of communication between states, there is a tendency for more and cheaper resources. Every year millions of tons of raw material (rock-oil, gas, coal) is excavated from the depths of the ground and introduced for global consumption while nobody can predict what will be the real cost that people will have to pay in near future for such practices. Also one other problem of globalization is that corporations which transfer their operations to places where environmental standards are less strict. For example, this kind of problem is very common in China where foreign manufacturers that produce and utilize, occasionally follow practices that harm not only the environment but also the health of their employees. Labor Drain: may be the most important problem for the developing and developed countries. As we said before, one of the benefits of globalization is the movement of labor force. Although at first side it may not affect directly if labor leaves one country and migrates to one another, but if think of it thoroughly someone can see that along this labor force may also be potential or future potential intellects that may alter the world as we know today. As an example, we can mention the U.S.A who spends large amounts of money to attract and keep the most talented scientists from all over the world, its no coincidence that they are the biggest military power and invest a lot of money in new technologies. Less Cultural Diversity: one other problem of globalization is the global centralization of culture based on western ideology from the very young age. Unfortunately this is the reality, people from generation to generation are moving away from their traditional culture. People tend to emulate the behavior, the lifestyle, the way of life of the western civilization. They grow up watching the Simpsons, eating in McDonalds, drinking Coca-Cola, wearing jeans and speaking in English. After few decades, most European citizens will be people with common values, behavior, moral and ideologies. CONCLUSIONS From all of the above it can be concluded that globalization can offer many positive trends but at the same time many negatives, in a way it represents the old saying of one coin with two completely different sides. It may promote economies to grow, produce products and services that may have never been available in some parts of the world before, but at the same time it may endorse human exploitation, inequality and environmental unconsciousness.

Caught in the Yellow Wallpaper -- Yellow Wallpaper essays

Caught in the Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "The pattern is torturing. You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you."    As her madness progresses the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper becomes increasingly aware of a woman present in the pattern of the wallpaper. She sees this woman struggling against the paper's "bars". Later in her madness she imagines there to be many women lost in its "torturing" pattern, trying in vain to climb through it. The woman caught in the wallpaper seems to parallel the narrator's virtual imprisonment by her well-meaning husband. While the narrator's perception of the wallpaper reveals her increasing madness, it effectively symbolizes the struggle of women who attempt to break out of society's feminine standards.    The narrator writes furtively in her room, having to hide her writing from her family. They feel that her only road to recovery is through total R & R, that she should not have to lift a finger, let alone stimulate a single neuron in her female brain. While she appreciates their concern she feels stifled and bored. She feels that her condition is only being worsened by her lack of stimulus, but it is not simply boredom that bothers her. She is constantly feeling guilty and unappreciative for questioning her family's advice. This causes her to question her self-awareness and her own perception of reality. "I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus; but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad." She also faults... ... it. The pattern also represents the limits society places on women and the resistance of society to women, such as her, who are trying to break free.    Works Cited and Consulted Lipman-Blumen, Jean. Gender Roles and Power. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1984. Mitchell, Weir S. "Wear and Tear, or Hints for the Overworked." Charlotte Perkins Gilman: "The Yellow Wallpaper." Ed. Dale M. Bauer. Boston: Belford Books, 1998. 134-141. Papke, Mary E. Verging on the Abyss: The Social Fiction of Kate Chopin and Edith Wharton. New York: Greenwood P, 1995. Roland, Alan, and Barbara Harris. Career and Motherhood: Struggles for a New Identity. New York: Human Sciences P, 1979. Welter, Barbara. "The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820-1860." The American Family in Social Historical Perspective. Ed. Michael Gordon. New York: St. Martin's P, 1978. 373-392.

Christianity and Islam: Beyond the Looking Glass Essay

Christianity and Islam are two of the world’s major religions that are often perceived as largely distinct in doctrines and practices. These two, are being regarded to have contradictory principles. But is the disparity of their beliefs truly that big? To have a deeper understanding of both religions, it would be best to consider their followers in the picture. Sad to say, some people equate the Muslims with terrorists. I have personally talked to friends who are afraid to ride a plane with Muslim co-passengers in it. Are these purely misconceptions because we have already established certain schema against the Muslims? Or are there truths in it on which such beliefs originated? If we are to read Suras 2:190-193, 2:216, 4:76, 5:32-36, 7:96-99, 8:12-14, 8:59, 8:65, 9:5, 9:14, 9:23-29, 9:38-41, 9:123, 47:4, 47:35, 61:4 and 66:9, many passages in the Quran exhort Muslims to kill infidels (non-Muslims), wherever they find them (Faithfacts, 2004). Some Arabic terms are only even softened sometimes by English translators who use â€Å"fight† instead of â€Å"kill†. In fact, Osama bin Laden was quoted as saying â€Å"I was ordered to fight the people until they say there is no god but Allah, and his prophet is Muhammad† in the famous videotape discovered in Afghanistan in the late 2001 (cited in â€Å"Fundamentalism, 2004). These words echo the language in the Quran itself and such calls to violence are not merely distortions of the Quran by extreme radicals who try to twist it for their violent ends because violence is an integral part of Islam. Even Muhammad himself laid the foundation for violence as seen in his deeds and commands, which are traceable in the hadiths. Furthermore, 11 percent of the pages of the Bukhari Hadiths mention the Holy War (jihad), which is a means to use violence in order to spread faith. However, it must be realized as well that violence is not unique to Islam for even the Bible has its share of violence, particularly in the Old Testament. In fact God instructs the Israelites coming out of Egypt to take over the land Christianity and Islam 2 of Canaan and kill all the inhabitants. There is a difference though between this and the Quranic violence because the Bible makes it clear that the Canaanite society deserved it as it was completely polluted by their wretchedly evil practices, including the horrible practice of child sacrifice as found in Deuteronomy 9:1-6, 12:29-31, 18:9-14, 1 Kings 14:24, Chronicles 33: 1-9, Ezra 9:11 (Faithfacts, 2004). Cases like these are particularly limited for a particular purpose established by God unlike the Quran, where we encounter general commands to kill and destroy the enemies of Islam that are applicable for all times, places and groups. Even then the fact remains that none of these religions are spared from committing violence, which proves that their disparity is not that big at all (cited in â€Å"Fundamentalism†, 2004). Another thing to consider is the difference in the practices and teachings of the subject religions’ prophets – Jesus of Christianity and Muhammad of Islam. If the latter has led at least 27 bloody invasions, assassinated many of his opponents during his lifetime and executed hundreds of captured men in his battle against the Quraiza Jews, Jesus’ teachings have remained consistent in maintaining its tone of peace, service, love and humility as found in the biblical passages that could be cited in Mathew 5:1-12, 5:43-44, 9:36, 19:30, 26:50-52, Mark 9:35, Luke 6:27-36, 9:54-55, 10:30-37, 22: 49-51, 23:32-34, John 10:7-18, 13:1-17, Galatians 5:22-23, Philippians 2:6-8, 1 Thessalonian 5:15, and 1 Peter 3:8-9 (The New Testament, 2008). There is nothing like the Christian concept of â€Å"love your enemies† or â€Å"turn your other cheek† (Luke 6:27-37) that can be found in Islam. While Christianity teaches its believers to love their neighbors as themselves (Matthew 19:19), the Quran instructs its followers not to even take Christians or Jews as friends (Suras 3:118, 5:51, 60:1-3). Jesus was even aware of this when he warned, â€Å"the time is coming when anyone who kills you will think he is offering a service to God† as cited in John 16:2-4 (The New Testament, 2008). Another notable point is the difference in both religions’ concept of charity. their followers to give alms to the poor but unlike the biblical concept where charity is not limited to any group (cited in â€Å"Luke† 10:30-37), the Muslims are taught to give alms to the Muslim poor only (cited in â€Å"Islam†, 2008). The two religions also have differences in their concept of justice and forgiveness. In the teachings of the New Testament as cited in Matthew 6:12, 14-15, the act of forgiveness is being given exceptional emphasis, â€Å"For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly father will also forgive you, but if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses†. In the teachings of Islam as cited in Sura 5:38 â€Å"As for the man who steals and the woman who steals, cut of their hands as a punishment for what they have earned, an exemplary punishment from Allah; and Allah is Mighty, Wise†. Muslims do this even to their children if they steal out of hunger. They would not show compassion and feed the child but would instead sever their hands and wrists to drive home the lessons of Allah. Likewise, in the Old Testament as cited in Leviticus 19:11, â€Å"Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie to one another. If we analyze the above teachings, it is evident that both religions consider stealing as evil however, the Christians are more compassionate and subtle in dealing with it since the teachings of Jesus’ wants his followers to be forgiving. Another interesting difference is on how the two religions treat women and marriage. In Islam, a man can have up to four wives at the same time (Sura 4:3) and has the right to beat his disobedient wife until she obeys (Sura 4:34, Bukhari 8:68). Even Muhammad himself had thirteen wives, two concubines, and four women of uncertain relationships. (cited in â€Å"Fundamentalism†, 2004). In the teachings of Christianity, Jesus insisted on the sanctity of marriage (Mark 10:5-12), thus, in the Christian’s current practice, a couple has to undergo the process of divorce before they are allowed to remarry legally. Christianity also condones the abuse of women. The Christian teachings consider the fairness of men and women Christianity and Islam 4 (Matthew 5:32, 1 Corinthians 11:11-12, Galatians 3:28, Ephesians 5:25-33) unlike that of Islam, which does not give the wife the right to divorce her husband (Sura 2: 228). Islam even teaches that majority of the people in hell are women (Bukhari 1:28, 1:301, and 2:161). Christianity and Islam also differ in the way they consider the nature of God. While the former teaches that God is a Trinity – one God revealed in three persons or manifestations, Islam denies vehemently the doctrine and even considers it as blasphemy (Suras 4:171, 5:17, 5:72-75). However, it is interesting to note that Islam has a high regard of Jesus. What it denies is his divinity, and that he is the Son of God (Suras 9:30, 10:68, 19:35, 43:81-83). Another difference is that the God of the Bible is holy – perfect in all respects: moral, just, faithful, loving, all-knowing etc. (Hebrews 7:26), while the God of Quran does not always come as holy. He changes his mind, promises and does not offer assurance of salvation (Suras 4:116, 5:18, 9:15). In other words, he is arbitrary (cited in â€Å"Faitfacts†, 2004). Both religions also vary in their concept of salvation and heaven. Christianity teaches us that man cannot earn salvation. We need a savior to save us from sin thus, he sent Jesus, his only begotten son. As it says in the Bible â€Å"All of us have become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags. † (Isaiah 64: 5-7) â€Å"But God demonstrated his love for us in this: while we were still sinners,Christ died for us. † (Romans 5:8). This belief is totally denied by Islam, even Jesus’ crucifixion (Sura 4:157). On the concept of heaven, the Muslim considers the paradise as a carnal and sensual place, where gorgeous palaces are found and wine are abundant. Christians, on the other hand see it as a place of bliss, where pain, and tears will be gone and men, women, and children will be treated equally. In the previous discussions, we have already noted several differences on the two religions, which in some instances also meet each other. However, we must also note that they are not just different. If we are to take a look at the beliefs of Christians and Muslims, we can see Christianity and Islam 5 that they have some commonalities. Both religions agree in some aspects: that there is one God who created the universe and is sovereign in the lives of men; God is the source of justice and morality; that his ultimate justice is dispensed via life after death in heaven and hell, and that things like pornography and unchaste living are pollutants to the society (cited in â€Å"faithfacts†, 2008). In other words, both religions believed in a supreme being, whether God or Allah. There is also an agreement that he is the creator of all things. Their teachings both acknowledge that there is good and evil, where the former is rewarded and the latter is punished. The forms of reward though, and punishment vary in both religions. Both also emphasizes that following the teachings would let the person experience heaven when he dies. It is clear that Christianity and Islam are not that different at all, neither is Islam an evil belief. The latter may have emphasized the role of violence in its teachings, but it still depends on how such is being interpreted and carried out. They might differ in many ways: nature of God; concept of justice; forgiveness and more, but we still could not discount the fact that both are religions with followers that are humans, Christians and Muslims, no matter what doctrines they follow, also need respect. They may not necessarily agree with each other but there is still a point of agreement as exemplified by their similarities. The issue is therefore, not a question of which belief is right a wrong, nor is it about superiority or inferiority. What matters most is that we are guided by our beliefs and in doing this, we do not do actions that would harm the other. References Daniel, Abu Yusuf. , Isma’il Kaka, Abu Maryam. , & Squires Robert, Abu Iman. (n. d). Misconceptions about Islam. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from http://www.geocities.com/window2islam/miscon.html

My Best Friend essays

My Best Friend essays We have been friends for quite a while now, and I just want to say thank you for being there when times got tough. I know you more than I know anybody and I'm so glad that we started hanging out together. Lately I've been thinking about the way that we always compete with each other and it's really starting to get to me. I know that it's not always intentional, but it just seems like you enjoy getting into those little arguements that we seem to almost always come across. You and I have alot of the same personality traits, yet we also seem like total opposites at times. You are a really funny/crazy guy and that's why I like to hang out with you, but sometimes you really get to me and you push my buttons. Darin, you argue with me about the stupidest things and you always have to get the last word in. Sometimes I know that I'm really the one who's right, but I let you win just so that you'll shut up. Don't take this letter personal, I'm not trying to put you down, I just thought I'd bring it to your attention before it starts to affect our friendship. I don't want to keep my feelings and thoughts all bottled up inside me and I know you've been really busy lately, so I figured it wouldn't hurt to write it all down on paper. We have a really cool friendship and I don't want to continue to have these stupid competitions with you. You are probably one of the coolest, most unique guys I've ever met and I want to keep hanging out and doing normal guy stuff, but you have to be willing to make the effort too. Please try to bite your tongue when you think that you're about to disagree with my opinions and I'll do the same with you. I hope that you don't take this the wrong way, but I just thought it should be put out in the open so that we can cut down on the arguements that we've been having. I won't get mad if you think a girl you like is prettier than a girl that I like, and you shouldn't try to say that you can l ...

The Lost Ones 8211 Young Chinese Americans essays

The Lost Ones 8211 Young Chinese Americans essays The Lost Ones Young Chinese Americans Due to harsh immigration laws, in American history, Chinese have often relied on illegal means of entering the United States. For example, in 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act (Chinese Exclusion Act, Documents on Anti-Chinese Immigration Policy.) was passed, the first and only act that restricted immigration from one particular ethnicity. This act restricted immigration of Chinese labourers. In 1888, this act was extended to all Chinese immigrants except for officials, teachers, students, tourists, and merchants. However, not all-prospective immigrants made it to the shores of America safely. The United States is well aware of illegal immigration and rings operating these smuggling operations. Therefore increased vigilance at America's doors has led to the capture of many Chinese illegal immigrants. The result of above brief history of Chinese history in America is that these new comers at the time period of illegal entering of America would eventually result the wave of 3rd ge neration Chinese population along with Baby Boomers after World War II. The new generation was in the era of Civil Rights movement in the 1950~1970s. The talented, new 3rd generation possessed not only the despair of having an identity, but also faced the pressure from the elder generation of their origin cultures. It is true and inappropriate that the newer the generation, the more they refuse their own cultures. However, from what it took the elder generations of Chinese/Asian Americans for the younger generation to be able to live under the aegis of liberty, freedom, stable society, and satiating living; I think that the younger generations should be proud of, and respect the elder generation and who they really are. Chinese who still tried to enter the United States needed to pretend that they were merchants. Others pretended to be relatives of people living in the United States. Chinese Ame...

Economic Reform Outcomes in China and Russia Literature review - 5

Economic Reform Outcomes in China and Russia - Literature review Example Of all the reforms that took place in the twentieth century, the ones that took place in China and Russia are known to have been the most dramatic. During the first half of the twentieth century, both countries had communist economic systems. However, it was during the latter half of the 29th century that both countries start formulating reforms that were aimed at changing the manner in which their economies functioned. However, a difference in the exact date in which the reforms commenced in both countries existed. In China, the economic reforms commenced in the late 1970s, while in Russia they commenced in the early 1990s.   However, a notable difference exists at the pace in which the reforms were developed and enacted in the two countries (Lin & Tsai 2004, p. 34). In Russia, the market-oriented reforms were developed quickly, and enacted at the same pace, while in China the whole process of bringing the reforms was a little bit gradual. There are a number of factors that can be said to have contributed to the difference in pace at which the economic reforms took place in China and Russia.                                                                                         One of the things that are believed to have contributed to the difference in the pace of the economic reforms between China and Russia is the fact that China was reluctant to adopt foreign technology especially those from the west. At the beginning of the reforms, China mainly depended on the technologies that were locally available. This made it hard for the country to benefit from the technological advancements that were experienced in Europe, especially during the early stages of the reforms. Russia on the other side was willing to adopt new technology from all over the world as long as the technology being adopted was beneficial to the Russian economy in one way or another (Lin, Cai & Li 2009, p. 325). They made sure that their economy was open to new ideas at the early stages of the reforms making it easier for the reforms to have brought the changes that were experienced in their economy in such a short period.

B2B Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

B2B Marketing - Essay Example Product realization entails the preliminary research towards initiation of products that are to be marketed as well as the actual development and testing of those products over their effectiveness in meeting customer demand. In the framework of new product realization the entire process comprises a number of steps that constitute the procedure efficient in terms of matching the ‘new product’ to be launched with the market demand. However, as Storey and Easingwood (1999) indicate, new product development should be consistent with the market trends and with the firm’s capabilities and resources. In that extend, firms should be highly focusing on designing those characteristics and attaching those features to their new products/ services that are meaningful and ‘desirable’ for both customers and the firms themselves. Adopting a market driven strategy with regards to new product realization is vital in that it eventually allows management to identify and explore the critical stakeholders’ requirements or needs and gradually embed these in the product/service specifications prior to launching a new product/service (Herrmann et al., 2000). Strategic new product realizations offer comparative advantages to organizations mostly due to the fact that they are credited for increasing competence, adding value to the firms’ offerings and eventually strengthen the competitive opposition in the overall market environments (Storey and Easingwood, 1999). However, product realization strategy needs to be market – oriented in order to provide the fundamental basis for successful results. According to Chakravarty (2001) the development of new products is essential only if these new products incorporate and embed the customer requirements, customer needs and generally pertain to addressing customer demand. The author further expands this view by arguing that market driven product realization strategy reflects the strategic fit of the new

Biology science of duty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biology science of duty - Essay Example The most important feature of this system is the basic rule of adherence to the duty no matter what the consequences are following the duty. The system stays irrelevant from the end result of following the principles for the justification that the duty has to be performed by any means. When any theory is presented criticism comes along and has a few important features also. The basic feature of this system is following the duty in any circumstances but the harmful fact of the duty has to be over looked. The consequences have to be chosen over the least possible one and the duty which is less harmful after the duty is enacted. The use of utilitarian system simply distinct form the above mentioned one in a simple manner where the consequences are known and cannot be chosen and a series of data should be available. The rules of this system make it available for short term use where no importance is given to length examinations. It poses environmental problems and causes an impact to human life due to different way of approach towards life. The draw back of this system is that it fails to define prohibitions and find the importance of species. Both the species of humans are put into account and considered similar in any context but when put under large consideration animals are compared to humans and their well being also. Considering everyone the same and all given the same importance the species which need more attention come under scrutiny where they are similar to other species which do not need much of importance which makes this rule another draw back of this system 2. Explain three major differences between mitosis and meiosis. How does each difference contribute to the outcome of the process 2. Every living cell is composed of genetic material called DNA which carries chromosomal structure of an individual. The changes that take place in an individual and growth of the tissues are attributed to the changes that DNA undergoes during mitosis and meiosis. The main differentiating features among the two are as follows: Mitosis can be generally defined as formation of two daughter cells from one; it can be simply explained as differentiation of the genetic material into two cells. The example that can be given to explain mitosis is the growth of tissues in skin, multiplication of blood cells. Meiosis on the other hand can be differentiated from its meaning; reduction in the number of chromosomes into half and also involves the changes in DNA structure. The example that can be given here is the formation of foetus that is the end result of the above mentioned process. The other main differentiating feature that can be mentioned here is after the process of mitosis the number of cells that are formed are two in number and have genetically same features and chromosomes as that of the mother cell whereas after Meiosis the number of cells that are formed are four in number and have different set of chromosomes and their genetic structure varies. Mitosis is the process which generally occurs in somatic cells whereas Meiosis is the process

Mary Shelleys Frankenstei Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstei Essay The audience is made to feel that Frankenstein himself is evil, for playing with life and mocking God. The sounds made by the monster are similar to those made by wild animals, but also they sound like the monster is in pain, which would make sense as Frankenstein has just rejected him. We see Frankensteins former professor talking through a gate. This signifies the difference of opinion and belief between the two doctors. Sound effects are used very well in the creation scene, especially the non-diagetic musical score that has been added. It is mainly in a minor key, but has drastic changes to a major key when there is extra tension in the frame. It creates a build up, and when there is suddenly a pause with no music, tension is created, then when something dramatic happens, the audience shows a greater reaction. The use of diagetic and non-diagetic sound is very good in this scene, for example when the electrical probes go into the monsters feet and there is the sound of crunching bone. This is diagetic sound. Music is an example of non-diagetic sound. The sudden silences at some points in the scene allow the audience a chance to reflect upon the immorality and reality of what Frankenstein has done. Camera angles are used to make the scene more effective and more enticing to the viewer. If there is a large quantity of movement and change in camera angles, then the shot is used to create responses in the audience. There are many randomly strange camera angles in the creation scene, and we dont really ever see the whole of the creatures body when it comes out of the copper vat, this is because the monster was made of lots of parts and wasnt really a complete person in the doctors eyes. In the creation scene, we experience many different shot types, such as an extreme low angle shot when the monster is being lifted into the air on the body tray. This is to symbolise the life being created and is mocking God. The mis-en-scene of the frame when Victor is running up to the dais in his large billowing coat is very cluttered, which in my opinion represents his mind being a jumble of thoughts. I think there are a lot of shots in the creation scene that represent the stigmata of Christ. For example, when the spikes are driven into the feet and hands of the monster when he is not alive, in the copper vat. And the extreme close-up shot of Frankensteins head, then of the creatures head. The doctors head bears no (visible) injury, but his creation has huge scars as if his head had been crowned with thorns. Also, there is the part where the monster is lowered into the copper vat, which looks oddly like a sarcophagus (a type of coffin used to bury Egyptian pharaohs in ancient times), this represents the descent into hell that Frankenstein is embarking on. This is mocking God yet again, and shows the immorality of Victor Frankenstein. When we see the low-angle shot of the monster hanging on the chains, it resembles the crucifixion of Christ. There are violins playing at this point, which symbolises the loneliness that Victor is feeling from the rest of the world. There are many different visual effects used in the creation scene, such as the lighting striking the window behind the monster, when he appears in Frankensteins bedroom. Another special effect was the make-up used on the monsters face to make it look more dramatic and horrifying. There is also the amniotic fluid that the monster is born in, when that spills out the copper vat, it makes the audience feel sick and repulsed. Only diagetic sounds are used at this point, there is no music. When the monster is lifted up to the ceiling, the circle of light around the body represents Leonardo Da Vincis Vitruvian Man, which is a drawing that shows the proportions of a perfect human body. This is ironic as most of the monster was made of murderers and criminals- hardly perfect people. The editing in the creation scene is very clever, I have previously mentioned the lecturer being super-imposed over a frame; there is also the part where all the scientific equipment is displayed. One shot dissolves into another, which resembles them being combined together to make the monster. The pace in the scene changes from being very fast when Frankenstein is giving the monster life, to a lot slower when the monster is born and trying to stand up. Overall, I think that Branagh has made the film much more appealing to the audience by using the effects available to him. He uses location, costume, characterisation, dialogue, sound effects, camera angles. Shot types, visual effects, editing, and pace to make a very effective film. I am most impressed by the way he read between the lines of the Mary Shelley novel to give the audience lots to think about. I also liked the way he used discreet blasphemy to show that what Victor Frankenstein was doing was immoral and mocking God. I think that Branagh has more than done justice to the Shelley novel. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

The Jesuits Essay -- essays research papers

The Jesuits missionaries in America faced many problems, one in particular dealt with relations between the missionaries and the Natives. The letter deals with the treatment of prisoners after a brief military engagement and in addition, attempts by the Jesuits to convert the captured Iroquois. The treatment of the prisoners seems benevolent, compared to the past modus operandi used by the Church to hasten conversion. Furthermore, the letter exemplifies the hypocrisy of the missionaries after the prisoners, willingly, convert. This letter is a perfect of the Counter Reformation, and Church's attempt to expend its areas of influence as well as to "save" more souls from the Devil. Furthermore, the content of the letter can be easily proven to be bias towards the Iroquois in order to promote Catholicism. This letter, being one of many, is a part of the Counter-Reformation and serves as propaganda for the Catholic Church. The author of the "Relations" letters, Jerome Lalemant, tells of a victory over the Iroquois. The first paragraph describes how the Algonquins, allies of the French, easily defeat the Iroquois without a single loss of their own. Immediately, the letter seems to embellish the victory of the Algonquins. The Iroquois were one of the most powerful tribes in the French America, possessing a large army of veteran, gun armed, warriors. In fact by 1675, the Iroquois had wiped out or absorbed four tribes, and destroyed most of the Huron country (Eccles, 138). Do to the strength of the Iroquois, it seems unlikely that the Algonquins would have been able to defeat the Iroquois, without inquiring a single loss of their own. In the second paragraph, the Jesuit priest describes the treatment of the captured foe. The author acknowledges that the first action that the Algonquins take, however, is to ".return thanks to Heaven." The meaning of that can be interpreted in two ways. The first, is that the Algonquins are going to thank their native Gods. However, since this letter is being written to the Vicar General in France and the Papacy in the Vatican, however, it seems unlikely that Jerome would discuss native offerings. The second interpretation can be that the Algonquins have infact converted to Catholicism. Jerome continues with his observation of the treatment of the captives, by noting that they are not tortured. .instea... ...er Helene to meet their death with firmness in the possession of the Faith. This letter seems to be more of propaganda than a report. Infact, the mission reports, "Relations Letters", were sent to the Propaganda, the Roman Congregation overseeing all missionary activity. It seems ironic the name of the Congregation, that received letters from around the world from their missionaries would be called Propaganda. Furthermore, the letter was published, and in the interest of spreading Catholic sentiments during the Counter-Reformation, however, for that reason the letters were reviewed in Paris and were edited. In conclusion, it seems that Father Jerome Lalemant seems to present ironic situations, most likely in order to please the Vicar General as well as the Propaganda Council. Some of the actions and relations seem embellished and exaggerated. Although the letter contains certain uncertainties, however, the letter does provide a case study of the relations between the European and native "governments", relations between native tribes, attempt at pro-Catholic propaganda, and the affects the Counter-Reformation had on religious policies towards the New World.

Male Friendship :: essays research papers

What is a friend? Maybe they are people who will listen to you, or people who you can boss around all the time, or maybe even just people who don’t have to do anything but sit with you at lunch. As Asher put it, â€Å"‘Friends are important sources of companionship and recreations, share advice and valued possessions, serve as trusted confidants and critics, act as loyal allies, and provide stability in times of stress or transition†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (qtd. in Dolich 1) Even in the beginning, when man was first created and put in the Garden of Eden to work the ground, there was a need for friendship and companionship. As God says while watching Adam work, â€Å"‘it is not good for man to be alone. I will make a companion for him.’† (qtd. in Adam†¦2:18). From the rib of Adam, God created Eve who was to be Adams companion forever. Do we even need this companionship, and if so is it important? As a recent poll of high school students shows, forty percent believe that friends are very important to them. While only ten percent believe that friends weren’t that important at all. Sixty percent of those questioned said that if their friends were to change and become more popular, then they would change themselves as well just to fit in and keep the friends they had (survey 2005). As one of these students points out, â€Å"Well it’s better than being alone all the time, this way at least you have someone to hangout wit h and talk to†(interview 2005). So in a day and age when teenagers especially are known for trying to act as individuals, we can see that in most cases people are the products of the influences put on them by their friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Artwork whether it is a painting, a drawing, or photograph; is a big way to express the importance of friendship. The photograph Be a True Friend, shows two male friends. Out at night, in a boat, not doing much but rowing. Along with this photograph is a caption saying, â€Å"the only way to have a friend is to be one† (Be a True Friend). From the caption, as well as the picture itself, you get the impression that these two people who aren’t doing anything but rowing, are great friends. You get the feeling that they don’t have to do anything but be there for one another, and because they are there for one another they are the greatest of friends. Male Friendship :: essays research papers What is a friend? Maybe they are people who will listen to you, or people who you can boss around all the time, or maybe even just people who don’t have to do anything but sit with you at lunch. As Asher put it, â€Å"‘Friends are important sources of companionship and recreations, share advice and valued possessions, serve as trusted confidants and critics, act as loyal allies, and provide stability in times of stress or transition†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (qtd. in Dolich 1) Even in the beginning, when man was first created and put in the Garden of Eden to work the ground, there was a need for friendship and companionship. As God says while watching Adam work, â€Å"‘it is not good for man to be alone. I will make a companion for him.’† (qtd. in Adam†¦2:18). From the rib of Adam, God created Eve who was to be Adams companion forever. Do we even need this companionship, and if so is it important? As a recent poll of high school students shows, forty percent believe that friends are very important to them. While only ten percent believe that friends weren’t that important at all. Sixty percent of those questioned said that if their friends were to change and become more popular, then they would change themselves as well just to fit in and keep the friends they had (survey 2005). As one of these students points out, â€Å"Well it’s better than being alone all the time, this way at least you have someone to hangout wit h and talk to†(interview 2005). So in a day and age when teenagers especially are known for trying to act as individuals, we can see that in most cases people are the products of the influences put on them by their friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Artwork whether it is a painting, a drawing, or photograph; is a big way to express the importance of friendship. The photograph Be a True Friend, shows two male friends. Out at night, in a boat, not doing much but rowing. Along with this photograph is a caption saying, â€Å"the only way to have a friend is to be one† (Be a True Friend). From the caption, as well as the picture itself, you get the impression that these two people who aren’t doing anything but rowing, are great friends. You get the feeling that they don’t have to do anything but be there for one another, and because they are there for one another they are the greatest of friends.

Jackson’s Knowledge Argument

Dualism is the theory that our world is not entirely physical but is made up of mind and matter, therefore uggesting the mind is not the brain (brain is matter, the mind is a separate entity). Cartesian Dualism states: Each mind is an immaterial substance capable of independent existence. The characteristic property of this substance is thought. The physical world is a material substance, capable of independent existence. The characteristic property of this substance is extension (taking up space). (Lecture 1, DCT). Monism, in contrast to dualism states that the mind and brain are unified, and that there is no division between the two.Those who support monism believe that there is only one reality. Physicalism is a kind of monism as it is the belief that different approaches to the mind-body problem, let us look at the knowledge argument by Frank Jackson, who theorises that physicalism is false. Jackson describes two thought experiments to support his anti-physicalism theory. The fir st centres around Mary, a brilliant scientist who is confined to a black and white room, who learns everything through black and white, including a black and white television.Mary is an expert in the neurophysiology of vision learns all the physical information about what happens to the brain when we see colour. Jackson (1982, p. 30) states: â€Å"She discovers, for example, Just which wave-length combinations from the sky stimulate the retina, and exactly how this produces via the central nervous system the contraction of vocal chords and expulsion of air from the lungs that results in the uttering of the sentence â€Å"The sky is blue†. When Mary leaves the room, and sees the colour red for the first time, Jackson raises the question of whether Mary will learn anything or not.Jackson claims that yes indeed Mary does, because she is having a new visual experience that she has not had before, despite having all the physical information prior to this. Jackson (1982, p. 130) g oes on â€Å"But then it is inescapable that her previous knowledge was incomplete. But she had all the physical information. Ergo there is more to have than that, and Physicalism is false†. Jackson believes that qualia has been left out of this story. qualia relates to our own subjective experiences.When I see a colour, smell a perfume, I am subjected toa conscious experience that is only relevant to me, no one else can experience these sensations the way I do. The following thought experiment in Jackson's paper explains this further. Fred, presented with a bunch of ripe tomatoes, separates them n to two groups. Fred has better colour vision than anyone else, but manages to separate the tomatoes into two groups, redl and red2. Whilst we may categorise all the tomatoes as simply red, Fred sees clearly two different types of red, in the way we would distinguish yellow from green.Suppose we know all about Fred's physiology and discover is a super ability to separate colours on the red spectrum, it does not actually tell us what it is like to see colour from Fred's perspective, or his colour experience. No amount of physical information about Fred can tell us what it is like o see colours in the same way as Fred does. Furthermore, if we were to implant Fred's brain into another beings body, it still would not tell us anything about Fred's conscious experience of seeing red at this present moment in time.Thomas Nagel's paper What is it like to be a bat? reinforces the theory that physicalism leaves something out. If we look at physicalism objectively, for example, look at the facts about Marys physiology that enable to her to see, we can know what happens to the optic nerve and retina when Mary sees colour, or light, but her experience of seeing he colour red is a subjective one. This experience is told from the first person point of view, therefore Nagel suggests that we cannot be objective about other people's experiences.Nagel (1974, p. 426) describes ho w we can we observe the physicality of bats: â€Å"Now we know that most bats (the microchiroptera, to be precise) perceive the external world primarily by sonar, or echolocation, detecting the reflections, from objects within range, of their own rapid, subtly modulated, high frequency shrieks†. There is nothing about a bat's senses that are like ours, and while we can imagine hat it may be like to be another human being, we cannot imagine what it is like to our imagination.As we do not have experience of being a bat our imagination is therefore limited. It is within my capabilities to mimic a bat's behaviour, eat insects, hang upside down, imagine myself flying, but I cannot share the same experiences as a bat as only a bat knows what it is like to have these experiences. One of the main physicalist responses to Jackson's knowledge argument is to agree that Mary does learn something new when she leaves the black and white room. Physicalists say hat Mary has gained a new abil ity rather than a new fact.Remember that Mary possessed all physical information before she left the room. Another physicalist view is that Mary is experiencing a mental state that is a result of the physical impact on her brain when she sees colour. The mental state that happens to Mary is seen as a brain state and therefore deemed to be physical. She already has the knowledge how to see colour but not necessarily knowledge that. Knowledge that is knowing that Paris is the capital of France, whilst knowledge how is knowing how to play the piano.Mary knows how to recognise colour. There is also the matter of causal closure which relates to every physical event having a physical cause. For example, if you bang your toe, is a physical event, which activates the mental state of pain, and to make the decision to hold on to your toe is also a mental state, however it results in your holding your toe, which is a physical event. This physicalist argument is a strong one, but no matter whic h way we look at the mind-body problem no one can have your conscious experiences.There can be countless thought experiments but each subject will see or feel things differently. Philip Goff (2013) states: â€Å"Physicalism is a grand and ambitious project, but there is a thorn in its side: consciousness. The qualities each of us encounters in our conscious experience – the feeling of pain, the sensations of biting into a lemon, what it's like to see red – stubbornly refuse to be incorporated into the physicalist's all-encompassing vision of the universe. Consciousness seems to be the one bit of left-over magic that refuses to be physicalised.And it's all the fault of the zombies†. Goff calls these zombies philosophical (or p-zombies) as they are not supposed to e the zombies that we see in films, it is a zombie that is used in philosophical thought experiments. If your zombie, was opened up, everything about its brain structure would be identical with yours. Th e thing that the zombie would lack is conscious experience. It might scream when it is stabbed with a knife, but it is because it is programmed to do so, its reactions will not coincide with feelings of pain of pleasure.Goff, talking about zombies summarises this point â€Å"However, your zombie twin has no inner experience: there is nothing that it's like to be your zombie twin. It's screaming and running away when stabbed isn't accompanied by a feeling of pain. Its smiles are not accompanied by any feeling of pleasure†. Goff puts forward an excellent argument to those who identify brain states with conscious states. He talks about what happens in the brain when you are in pain.If a brain surgeon was to open you up to see what is going on in your head if you had been stabbed with a knife they would see c-fibres firing, but they would not see that you are in pain and the c-fibres are firing, they could see what is happening physically but your conscious xperience of pain woul d not be visible. Goff (2013) explains: â€Å"to say that the feeling of pain is identical with c-fibres firing in your brain, is to say that pain – the thing you sees when she looks in your head after youVe had the knife stuck in you – are one and the same thing.It is to say that we don't have two things – pain and c-fibres firing – but one thing with two labels† Furthermore, if your zombie was opened up and a brain surgeon wanted to observe their brain activity after being stabbed by a knife, again they would observe the c-fibres firing, but there would be the absence of the onscious experience of pain. If you stab your zombie it will create a physical event, with a physical response but you cannot know what it is like to be your zombie, in the same way that your zombie cannot know what it is like to be you.Your zombie cannot be the same as you physically and consciously as you can only be one person. I do not believe that it is possible to compl etely resolve the mind-body problem. I am inclined to lean towards Jackson's point of view that we cannot perceive the colour red from Marys point of view. Not only can we not perceive things visually, if Mary ad been colour blind but gained knowledge how to perceive colours through touch or other senses, it would still be true to say that her experience would be a subjective one.