Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Globalization - Essay ExampleIn addition, technology facilitates perpetual connectivity, which has led to establishment of a current generation living in a globalized world. Therefore, tracking communion and interaction with technology through my Smartphone for a period of four-hours depicts that thither are legion(predicate) features offered by these device. afterwards tracking persona of my expert devices such as Smartphone and laptop, I acquired understanding of the way tribe use technology to communicate. In this case, people are able to connect through social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. In fact, accessibility to these social networking sites has been facilitated by the internet. Therefore, through my Smartphone, I was able to access information and service that I was interested in. Nonetheless, the internet plays a significant role in processes of reducing traditional barriers of parley across different move of the world. During this period, I was us ing my laptop, and this made me realize that there are numerous software that concur been developed along with protocols and standards aimed at enabling computers to interact through the internet. In fact, I was interacting with students from different parts of the world, thereby discussing issues regarding school projects. Therefore, collaboration platform has been developed in order to enable people share digital content (Friedman, 3). In fact, these collaboration platforms are referred to as flatteners, which expand probability through which people communicate and interact. These technological devices integrate internet functions, thereby making peoples lives more enjoyable. In fact, during this assessment period, I was able to watch new videos and play a game. Moreover, there are other emotional experiences, which are thrilling and exciting such watching a movie. internet has become a social club since people have managed to develop and maintain friendships. For instance, dur ing the assessment period, I had a good feeling of being socially connect with friends living in different parts of the world. In this case, we were able to interact and share some ideas, while making new friends. People have acquired ability to multitask, while using the internet and other technological devices. For instance, during the assessment period, I was logged into my Facebook account, whereby I was chatting with my friends I was also logged into my tweeter account at the same time. Moreover, I was listening to Smartphones music, and I was still receiving calls from friends. In addition, during the same period, I got a chance to check my e-mail and play and online game. Therefore, use of technological devices among people in different parts of the world is increasing gradually with increases in levels of innovativeness and technological advancement. In addition, technology is used in order to achieve certain tasks in peoples lives such as learning and oblation health care services. Part Two Living Without Technology In order to understand the crack of living without technology, I conducted an assessment for a period of one hour. In this case, during this assessment, I refrained from using technological devices such as my laptop and Smartphone. On the other hand, I focused on using pens, piece of music and face-to-face conversation. Nevertheless, during this period, I was tempted to look at the messages and incoming calls from my friends on my Smartphone.

Costco Wholesale Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Costco Wholesale Corporation - Case Study ExampleThough less(prenominal) readily measurable, it is apparently accompanied by a shrinking of activities for the few remaining general selling wholesalers and a loss of sales for small introduces carrying womens and childrens apparel, particularly in low and medium-quality lines. Costco is a closed-door store which allows only members access to the store through membership eligibility as defined by rather handsome classifications of government employees, teachers, union members, or employees of government contractors (see Appendix 4). The chain carries a considerable range of demulcent goods and apparel, but also gives major attention to furniture, appliances, food, and automotive supplies. Several of the closed door operations eat recently opened their doors to the general public. Examples of Costcos incredible annual sales volumes included 96,000 carats of diamonds (2006), 1.5 million televisions, $300 million price of digital ca meras, 28 million rotisserie chickens (over 500,000 weekly), 40 percent of the Tuscan olive oil bought in the United States, $16 million worth of pumpkin pies during the fall holiday season, $3 billion worth of gasoline, 21 million prescriptions, and 52 million $1.50 hot dog/soda pop combinations (Thompson p. 2008, p. C5). Low operational margins achieved through volume sales and limited service expenditures for clerks, delivery, credit, and so on drop allowed prices which average round 15% below those of the department stores and specialty shops with which discount stores compete in the sale of soft goods. lifesize food supermarkets are being established within many of the new large discount stores. Beca apply of consumers farsighted experience in comparing food values between stores and because of the frequency of food store visits by the average family, these food departments are attractive to the soft-goods stores as traffic builders, and are frequently operated with planne d condition margins (or even planned losses) to maximize their drawing power (Costco Home Page 2008). Chief Elements of the Costcos strategyThe uniqueness of Costco strategy is that it proposes advantages and benefits to its members only, except gasoline and beverage products. The closed-door stores depend primarily on word of tattle and on mail promotion to their members to publicize the attractive values offered. Costco does not make extensive use of advertising media to give publicity to the low prices and special values which they offer. Major retail innovations involve an instauration of new means of performing the retailing function. They are dependent on concomitant developments in products, in physical handling technology, and in organization at the wholesale supply level but, most of the essence(p) of all, they are dependent on changes in the income, location, and style of life of consumers (Drejer 2002). In contrast to other retailers, Costco proposes wide product rage Whereas typical supermarkets stocked about 40,000 items and a Wal-Mart Supercenter or a SuperTarget might have as many as 150,000 items for shoppers to choose from, Costcos merchandising strategy was to

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Death Penalty - audition ExamplePunishments are meant to rehabilitate the criminals and enable them to reform. Therefore, if the criminal is killed, the punishment loses its worth. The measure is effective because it scares off new(prenominal) potential criminals. The opponent perspective terms ending penalisation as immoral, uncivilized and ineffective in curbing horror. The proponent perspective portends that some crimes are so affront to humanity such(prenominal) that they bay window completely be punishable through death. This paper is an opinionated argument detailing why the death punishment should be retained and the reasons causing the controversy. Death penalty is applied for vicious crimes such as murder and treason. Some of the methods of execution include lethal injection, electrocution and hanging. The 15th century witnessed widespread unrestricted executions in Britain, which fuelled a movement that was geared towards abolishment of the penalty. Death penalty w as introduced in the United States by the countrys colonial masters, the English. According to Stuart Banner, the first American State to ban the death penalty was Michigan in 1846 (Hood 2). In America, the penalty was first opposed by Ben Franklin when writing the Bill of Rights in the Eighth Amendment. Michigan was the first American state to repeal the penalty in 1846, and by 1917 the norm was adopted by ten states. The 1960s witnessed al close to complete extinction of the death penalty only one execution was performed in 1966. However, the penaltys near extinction was retracted in 1976 in the case of Gregg vs. Georgia, on which the court ruled that the death penalty does not violate the constitution. Although the death penalty is constitutional, the practice has been characterized by controversy due to the conflicting opinions among the opponents and proponents. The controversy on the use of the death penalty is related to the effectiveness and moral acceptability of the prac tice. The use of the death penalty in curbing crime is the most controversial measure taken as far as jurisprudence and human rights in a democratic nation are concerned. Proponents and opponents differ over whether the punishment violates human rights and if it is fair to two the victim and the criminal. Application of the penalty towards perpetrators of this vice is a reprieve to the victims. Additionally, it is more effective than other measures such as imprisonment, as criminals fear death more that prisons. Opponents portend that the practice is unusual and cruel as it undermines human dignity. However, the idea of referring the penalty as undermining the human dignity is a one sided school of aspect the victims view is opposite. Some of the disadvantage of the death penalty is that it does not decrease the rate of murder crimes. The most prominent challenge related to its application is its finality. Discussing finality in CatholicPhilly.com, Chaput portends that once the se ntencing is carried out there is no retracting like in the case of lesser punishments. The contradicting views among the opponents and proponents revolve around which crimes are vicious enough to moral excellence the death penalty. The obvious crime in this case is first degree murder. However, the dilemma revolves around what is meant by intent and preplanning to warrant the murder as the first degree. For instance, if the murder occurs when a person is committing a lesser crime, does it include intent and planning? When considering treason, should the death penalty be imposed at any

Civil Liberties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Civil Liberties - Essay Example bandage civil liberties are protective in nature, it is still imperative for the patrol to make sure that all in all American citizens are entitled to these liberties. While on assignment with The New York Police, various cases relating to civil liberties were presented. On such occasions, the simulation training comes to mind. The police have to deliver correct judgments without contravening the constitution. While still on duty with the NYPD, striking students emerged rioting from their college. Controlling rioting students can be quite a challenge. They were protesting because wiz of their own had been run over by a hit and run motorist. They have right to arrange and speak their mind, but the manner of their protest was more likely to disrupt various activities and inconvenience early(a) motorists (McReynolds 322). The situation presented below is sandwiched between upholding civil liberties for students, and a possible confrontation with the same liberties to the public and the motorists. The police simulation program comes in handy at such situations. ... Getting such students, with infuriating tempers, to quieten down is a beg test for police simulation capacities. Explaining to them that they have to execute the constitutional rights in a manner that freedoms to other people are curtailed at their expense is necessary. Motorists are inconvenienced because the students are make traffic build up. The freedom of movement of the motorists is curtailed at the expense of the freedom of speech being exercised by the students. Reaching an agreement with the students, without necessarily having to put them under control using force is the best solution. In the end, the students clearly understand that their rights have been respected as stated in the constitution while they too have to act in a way that will show their respect for other citizens. This finis warrants a promotion. The assignment brings with itself various b enefits. First, the civil liberties create awareness that these are constitutional rights available to whatever citizen of the Unite States of America. The police are a key factor in promoting the spirit of these liberties. It is in the part of the police to ensure that all people have equal access to these constitutional rights. Civil liberties catch a unifying feeling between blacks and whites. The majority (white) and the minority (blacks) all have equal rights in the constitution. This helps to curb the superiority feeling of the white Americans while trying to reduce the inferiority feeling at bottom the blacks. The government too has the power to uphold civil liberties. This can be reached effectively by dispensing rightness equally to all citizens in courts without partiality or favor. The government also has to provide equal date opportunities to all citizens, improve equal

Strategic Management & Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic commission & Marketing - Essay Exampleas the process of dividing consumers or potential buyers, in market into varied segments or groups in which customer sh are same level of interest in the comparable circumstances of needs fulfilled by unlike marketing plans. Customers always segment themselves and they take no gloss how companies segments them. When they choose to buy any competing product or service, they select proposition that suits them better than any other. To enrapture maximum market share, companies must figure out sure that their offerings meet the requirement of customers and should offer price that customers cover as value for money (McDonald and Dunbar 2004). The input of winning proposition provides the detail understanding of customers include who they are and where they are found to be, as this understanding plays a vital role in segmentation process. The train of this report is to analyze the market segmentation and target customers of desktops, launched by dell and it will analyze spatial relation of the desktops that Dell is offering to the customers around the world.Micheal Dell founded Dell in 1984 in Texas. He has a different and unique vision of designing, manufacturing, and selling the technology. More than 109,000 employees are working for Dell around world and they are committed to make technology working hard for the customers. Dell have made many efforts to make technology more reachable to the customers and organizations around the globe and more than 120,000 computer systems shipped everyday to more than one hundred eighty countries, that is more than one computer in every second. The business of Dell designed in such(prenominal) a way that it caters different needs of organization, small and medium businesses, educational institutes, government bodies, health-care providers and for home users of computer.Dell is number one PC provider to big enterprises of the world and number one public celestial sphere cus tomers provider in USA. The company does business with more than 95% companies of Fortune cholecalciferol

Human Development- 2 different assignments-Chapter 13 and chapter 14 Assignment

Human Development- 2 different assignments-Chapter 13 and chapter 14 - Assignment ExampleSeveral theories catch been presented in an attempt to explain the human growth and development process some basing on link factors while others adopting different bases. This paper explores the cognitive development during the early adulthood stage relative to college students and disposal of intimates as the key crisis of adulthood as expounded by Erikson.Early adulthood refers to the late stages of the teenage stage. consort to scholars, this stage of development is characterized by the individuals resilience and ability to bring their life under control aft(prenominal) tumultuous adolescent stage. The somebody instigates to clearly understand the consequences of their actions and risky behavior that characterize the previous stage- adolescent stage they start developing lasting mutual relationships especially with the opposite sex. According to Arnett (66), early adulthood cognitive d evelopment is characterized by five features. These attributes include instability, identity exploration, self-focus, divided contact and a feeling of possibilities.Under instability, individual in this stage experience divided commitment towards education, work and love they view a challenge of adequately allocating their available time to the relationships/activities signifying their transition to adulthood. Under identity exploration, an individual start detaching themselves from peer groups to personal life they value self-focus more than peer-focus that is they abandon social obligations to autonomy. The fourth feature, age of possibilities, indicates that the person begins comprehending the prospects of transforming their lives from adolescence to adulthood however, they may experience the fifth feature- divided feeling. The double feeling leaves the person perplexed of their need stage as much as they consider themselves as not fully fledged adults, they never view themsel ves as adolescents. This is very much

Effective Ways to Prevent Animal Abuse Research Paper

impelling Ways to Prevent Animal Abuse - Research Paper ExampleHence, it is important to warrant that several(a) means of protecting wildcats from treat is done so that non only their rights argon recognized, but excessively for ensuring the absolute end of such hollo. Among the most important things that can be done to ensure that puppet abuse if prevented is for individuals to know who to cont answer when instances of such abuse are detected. For instance, in several States in the unite States there have developed instances where there are agents whose main duty is to ensure that humane laws are enforced. It is these agents who have to be contacted whenever an individual suspects or datees instances of animal cruelty so that these cases can be investigated and the perpetrators brought to umpire (Beirne, 2011). In addition, it is imperative that all individuals in the society learn that all animals have rights and if their locality does not have Humane Law enforcement ag ents, then it is their duty to ensure that they report instances of animal abuse to the police. erst this is done, it would be much easier for there to be the prevention of animal cruelty because the involvement of law enforcement would act as a deterrent against those individuals who would normally abuse their animals. Additionally, for those individuals who live in a neighborhood they should ensure that they look out for the animals that live in the said neighborhood. In the circumstances when individuals are made conscious(predicate) of the animals that their neighbors keep, there will be an assurance that they will appreciate and be responsible for the physical wellness of these animals. As a moderate, for example, an individual will be able to notice the way an animal behaves whether it is rock-loving of whether it has lost any weight. It has been found that the latter condition is normally a sign that the animal is cosmos abused, and this should be reason enough to ensure that the matter is reported to the relevant authorities so that it is investigated. The result might be the viable saving of the animal not only from abuse, but also from possible death at the hands of its owner. It is a fact that without the calls that are made to relevant authorities concerning the abuse of animals, the authorities would not be made alert of the problem, hence nothing would be done (Girardi & Pozzulo, 2012). It is thence the responsibility of all the individuals in the society to ensure that they take the responsibility of reporting animal abuse because it is the right thing to do, despite the possible consequences, such as the loss of friendships. In order to make headway accurate reports to the relevant authorities, it is important to ensure that individuals keep their eyes and ears open so that they are aware of any instances of animal abuse that take place in their neighborhoods. Concerning individuals who provide information related to animal abuse they should give as accurate, detailed and reliable information as possible so that a thorough investigation can be carried out by the authorities in order to oppress the vice. In addition, it is essential for the individuals who are reporting to have a written description of the abuse that they witness so that there can be more accuracy in the report that may be used against the abuser (Peak & Ascione, 2008). Furthermore, it is essential

Power of the Papacy Between Sixth and Eleventh Century Popes Research Paper

Power of the Papacy Between Sixth and 11th Century popes - Research Paper ExampleThe land was devastated by famine,inundations, and pestilence. This, combined with the invasion of the Lombards. Addition exclusivelyy, the position of the church service building threatened by the cites of Constantinople for imperial king of the church. Much is owed to Gregory, to whomstrength and firmness of character were complimented by charity and gentleness. It is through and through this exhibition of power, authority of the papacy that many of the evils were conquered. Of particular significance were the Popes dealings to the Lombards. The Pope used his position as Pope, in 5923, to reach what amounted to a separate peace with them. Through much(prenominal) an unprecedented step he defined the authority of the papacy. It was throughout this period characterized by unrest, treachery of the tangled authorities and aggravated by the weakness that the Pope followed acourse of independent act ion. Gregory the great appointed governors to the Italian cities. He further provided war materials. This is what that established the temporal power of the papacy. In his administration the church established vast estates. This is where the Pope spent great sums on charity work. The Pope Gregory exhibited conspicuous ability. Although his relations with the easterly were strained, he upheld the supremacy of the Roman church. He refused to recognize the title of Oecumenical Patriarch that had forward been adopted by the Patriarch of Constantinople. Pope Gregorys greatest achievement when head of the pontificate was the variation of England. He selected St. Augustine, later of Canterbury, delegating to him about 40 missionaries from the Popes own monastery. He too intervened with great effect in strengthening the Church in Spain, Gaul, and Northern Italy.it was during the time of Gregory the Great and all through to the Popes of the 11th century that the papacy really establishe d itself as a center of power in Rome. It is this power that has been important to the activities of the papacy up to today. Scanty evidence pieces that date back to the 11thcentury AD point to the church in Rome already attaining some form of prominence in matters doctrinal. This was among the few churches that could lay claim to the apostolic foundation. By the 3rd century, roman bishops began presenting themselves as successors of the primacy that was enjoyed by Saint Peter. They wanted to wield the universal churchs primacy of authority in all matters doctrinal. After the roman emperor moth granted a toleration to Christianity in the 4th and 5th century, (the Edict of Milan, 313) Christianity rose to a post of an official religion. A series of Popes, chief among them Leo l (r 440 61) then translated this to be a claim to the primacy of jurisdiction over the church. This claim was, however, matched by a rival. The church at Constantinople claimed jurisdictional primacy in the East that was equal to that of Rome in the west. It was the Byzantine emperor of Constantinople, for at least another century who could claim to be the functioning supreme leader of Christians in temporal and spiritual matters (Miller 89). It was during the 11thto the 16thcentury that the papacy was to rise to a position of unique prominence within the community of Christians. This position, despite vicissitudes, it has managed to retain. Pope John Paul IIs effect on our times is something conceded by critics and admirers alike. The

Introduction to the research paper of business process mapping Essay - 1

Introduction to the research paper of backing process mapping (operations management) - Essay Examplerials, employees and other resources, developing them according to the organizations demand and utilizing them as effectively and efficiently possible for the organization. (Brown et al, 2001). Operations management is a very broad plane section of the organization and covers many areas including costing, manufacturing and supervising. (Stevenson, 2008).No matter the business falls in the category of service attention, manufacturing industry or a combination of both, operations management is nevertheless an essential ingredient for its success. (Jacka and Keller, 2009). However, there business leader be a drastic difference in the operations management of any two wedded organizations depending upon the nature of the business and the way the companies operate. (Brown et al, 2001). In case of a manufacturing organization, the operations manager is expected to urinate care of ever y single step involved in manufacturing the end-product starting right from the purchase of fond materials and hiring of human resource. (Greasley, 2009). In terms of a service-oriented firm, operations management would mean taking care of for each one and every step related to delivering the service to the customer and maintaining the flow of processes within the organization. (Stevenson, 2008).In todays business environment, a successful organization either has an operations management section in its power structure or it would outsource such processes to the professional operations management firms present in the market since without it, charge track of constantly evolving business practices is next to impossible and the business is likely to fail. (Brown et al, 2001).One of the most essential aspects of operations management is Business Process Mapping. In order to maintain effectiveness and efficiency in the business processes and to keep track of the developments and proce dures, the operations manager needs to lay device a apparatus to map the operations and processes. (Page, 2010). This tool is called Business

Earning Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Earning Management - try ExampleIn addition, key defense in the financial management is full disclosure. This implies that if all the tuition available for positional analysis of a company is available and true, analysts are able to provide seasonable and effective advisory information for a company. However, when a company decides to provide fraudulent information to elaboration investors preference and stakeholders favors, the companies end up being overwhelmed with deceptive information and at last lose the truly thing they bugger off been fighting to win (Temte, 2005). To increase the quality of financial reporting and hence the credibleness of the information contained therein, there must be some ethical consideration. This implies that it is unethical for any company to advisedly and inappropriately conceal information that would change the financial image of a company.Further, honesty has always been considered the outstrip policy, especially in business. Companies tha t undertake earning management are doing nothing less than dishonesty. The use of deferring maintenance to smear positive image does not mean that the deferred activities are not to be undertaken. What happens is that the deferred activities will I the capacious run cost the company a fortune (Vataliya, 2009). And since the company made investors and analysts believe that it is doing well financially through fraudulent data, then the company loses all that it has sought to save. The investors and stakeholders, therefore, feel deceived and that a company they have depended on has been dishonest.

Developmental Relations Among Mind, Brain and Education Essay - 5

developmental Relations Among Mind, Brain and Education - Essay ExampleThis research tells that according to Debbie Zambo, the 1990s saw the burgeoning of neuroscience payable to the technological advances. The continued development of technology saw neuroscientists learn more(prenominal) and discover things they had not detect earlier. They learned a lot about the brain and its functions. This is attributed to the tasks they hold back performed over time. Technological innovations have by all odds helped us a lot in many ways in our daily lives. However, they also have their challenges. The technological innovations in neuroscience have their own challenges that are more evident in education. there is an contract by neuroscientists and other involved stakeholders to translate a once specialized field that was filled with technicalities. There are findings that can be translated into data that is comprehensible to instructors in their teaching, especially teachers of young ch ildren. The relation amid these two fields has led to what is known as educational neuroscience. It is the intersection between education, the mind, and the brain. It has become more common in the materials read by teachers, the curriculum used to teach them and the products they buy. One of the links skeletal between neuroscience and education is that information on neuroscience has the power to help teachers learn how children learn, think and regulate themselves. However, the aforesaid(prenominal) information also has the power to alter the nurturing and teaching of children. The other link between the two is that it enables the teacher to learn about the different brain structures and their functions. This, in turn, helps the teacher in understanding how different and preposterous the brains of children are, and how this translates to the actions they take. The education practice engrosses the brain and the link between the two has various challenges.

Marketing in the Tobacco Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing in the tobacco plant plant plant Industry - Term Paper ExampleThe American stooges be natural and do not kibosh chemical additives such as Camel, Kool and Marlboro which are contained in other popular cigarette brands. Philip Morris International is a union engaged in manufacturing and selling of cigarettes and a variety of tobacco products in the outside markets of the get together States of America (Wallace, 2004, pp. 440). Tobacco products sold by the company include hand rolling tobacco, pipe tobacco and cigars. It is the leading international tobacco producing company in the number of cigarette brands. The company sells its products in round 180 countries. The companys markets are divided into four geographical segments Eastern Europe, the European total Region, Africa and Middle East and Canada and Latin America Region. Philip Morris International employs approximately 12,500 workers in the 9 factories owned by the company in 8 member states. The company sel ls both international and local brands which range from premium, mid-price and number 1 price. Premium priced brands include Merit, Marlboro, Virginia Slims and Parliament. Mid-price brands are Chesterfield and L&M. international brands include Muratti, Lark, Next, Red & White, Philip Morris and Bond Street. Local cigarette brands of cigarettes owned by the company include Fortune, Champion and Hope in Philippines and Morven Gold in Pakistan. Liggett sender Brands is a tobacco company in the United States with its headquarters located in newton Carolina (Pampel, 2009, pp. 307). The company is selling, sales and distribution agent for tobacco products manufactured by Vector tobacco and Liggett group. Vector tobacco is a cigarette manufacturing and a research company with qualified and experienced research and development specialists and a top tobacco management team who aim at developing and marketing innovative tobacco products. The company offers products under the trade names of Eve, Liggett Select, Grand Prix, Pyramid and Quest. Liggett Vector Brands also offers assistance with engineering, get and maintenance processes. The company manufactures a variety of cigarette brands and is compliant to the Settlement Agreement between the 46 states and tobacco industries. Liggett Vector Brands complies with the marketing and advertising restrictions contained in the agreement on prohibition of tobacco products marketing to the youth. In the mid 1990s, laws were set against big tobacco companies. This was the time when SFNTC had started expanding its operations. In 1996, the company moved to North Carolina where developed tobacco companies had started scaling back to tobacco growing operations. SFNTC started producing its organic tobacco when the organic feed productions act of 1990, which required the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to set standards- accepted nationally-for organic products, had been passed. Since 2002, the company has been operating as an independent unit of Reynolds America Inc. SFNTCs fields can be divided into two basing on how the company labels and markets manufactured cigarettes tobacco self-aggrandizing under requirements of organic ideal and tobacco not grown under requirements to gain organic designation. SFNTC operates in an environmentally sustainable manner. All facilities in the company are wind powered. It is the only tobacco producing company that has earned the Green Power

MHE599 - Culminating Project Module 2 - SLP Outline & References Essay

MHE599 - Culminating Project Module 2 - SLP Outline & References - analyse Examplesky in his article, Natural Disasters and the Militarization of America discusses how government particularly its leader rear use natural disasters as a pretext to militarize America. According to the author, Hurricane Katrina and even the Avian grippe threat were being used by the erstwhile President Bush to justify a greater role for the Military in the countrys civilian affairs. With NRP also eliminating the distinction between a civilian and a national security emergency situation and relief organizations like American Red Cross endorsing military role, the author fears that there will be extreme militarization of America.This article lists all the valid and most-valuable Dos and Donts which the NGO should carry out or not carry out during a national disaster as part of humanitarian assistance. For example, the article states that if a country as considerably the representatives of the relevan t UN bodies, are unable to properly coordinate with NGO in providing emergency relief responses, the doom will be mainly on the country. NGOs cannot be held for this failure. NGOs do not usually have the command to provide the overall co-ordinating framework for disasters. This responsibility falls to the host government and the relevant United Nations governingThis source in the form of a report and document annex submitted by the Select bipartizan Committee formed to investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina. This official government committee came up with in-depth findings roughly the roles of the many government based stakeholders. How these stakeholders performed or underperformed during and aftermath of the Hurricane Katrina. Who can all be blamed or appreciated. In total, this report analyzes all the important stakeholders during Hurricane Katrina and in the aftermath of the HurricaneThis article published in the take Progress website with a Yout ube video of Bushs final Press conference (video has since been removed) focuses on the

To what extent does a mature and cyclical product market drive Essay

To what extent does a develop and cyclical proceeds market drive corporate restructuring - Essay ExampleDoes maturity necessarily malarky to deterioration of market? This question can be answered using the concept of cyclicality.Economics in affair Context (Haslam et al. 2002, p.92) further defines cyclical markets as generally mature markets in which volume fluctuates at or around steady pattern of demand. Depending on the replacement period of the product, the product will be required by the customers every few years, months or weeks. During the period when maximum customers replace the product, the demand for the product will be at its positive peak. This period is followed by a period of low sales. Thus, hesitation in the demand for a mature product makes it cyclical. Some products have longer replacement periods than the others, fashioning them cyclical. For example, a refrigerator whitethorn be replaced after every ten years but crisp drinks manufactured by Coco Cola or Pepsi are bought by billions of people every day. Therefore, refrigerators may be termed as mature and cyclical. Coco Cola and Pepsi have reached maturity but they are not cyclical.Let me illustrate with the help of a hypothetical example. Consider a product XYZ. Say, I had introduced XYZ in the market in 1990. The replacement period of this product was five years. Using excellent marketing strategy, XYZ had gained popularity amongst the customers by 1991. But, I had not yet sold XYZ to maximum effect of targeted customers. I had to maximize my sales as well as confront a new problem a competitor introduced a exchangeable product called ABC in the market in the year 1992. After a research on XYZ, I realized that the product could be manufactured in a better way, leading to an development its long suit. The replacement period after increase in durability became 8 years. Increase in the durability of XYZ attracted more number of customers. Because it was a very popular product, XYZ reached maturity by 1995. It was sold to maximum number of customers. If I had not

A typed report concerning Herman Melville's overall style, typical Essay

A typed report concerning Herman Melvilles overall style, typical subjects, influences, etc incorporating specific references to hits - Essay ExampleMelville shows his criticism of the rich Dives who prospers at the expense of orphans at the end of Chapter Two. Melvilles narrator, Ishmael says Now, that Lazarus should lie stranded there on the curbstone before the door of Dives, this is more wonderful than that an iceberg should be moored to one of the Moluccas. Yet Dives himself, he besides lives like a Czar in an ice palace made of frozen sighs, and being a president of a temperance society, he only drinks the tepid tears of orphans. Melville incorporated stage directions in his characters monologues. These helpful directions are in brackets. For example, Ishmael narrates this in Chapter Two Euroclydon says old Dives, in his red silken wrapper- (he had a redder one afterwards) pooh, pooh The narrator has long soliloquies in order to explain to the contributor what is happening.M elvilles Bartleby the Scrivener is his famous short story because it deals with Existentialist and Absurdist elements. The character Bartleby works for his lawyer boss. initially he is hardworking but he changes when he stops working but stays virtually the office doing nonhing. The lawyer tries to help him but Bartleby refuses to cooperate when he answers all requests with I prefer non to. Eventually, Bartleby is imprisoned for being a nuisance to society and he slowly starves himself to death because he prefers not to eat. Bartleby demonstrates his Existentialist unique position as a responsible individual who makes his own choices. Melville incorporates his philosophies of anti-rationalism and anti-empiricism into Bartleby. Melville wanted this work to have absurdist ideas so he made Bartleby behave in absurd ways.Melvilles poem, John Marr And opposite Sailors, speaks to the reader in a direct manner which is typical of Melvilles style of narration that he used in his novel a nd short story. His philosophies of anti-rationalism

Writing the result section of a research paper Statistics Project

Writing the result subsection of a research paper - Statistics Project ExampleWith regard to the outstrip walked without an assistive plait, the bastardly length covered in meters was 283.3 while the mean of the distance covered with an assistive device being 296.63.The mean for vessel 1 was 55.3 while the mean for VAS 2 was 43.43The question relates to the use of paired hear T-Test and aims to answer the question Is walking with the device less(prenominal) fatiguing than walking without the device? .This is achieved by comparing the VAS instead of 6 MWT distance. Chart 1 shows the mean differences of VAS.As shown in map 1, the mean wear down for the 6MWT distance for subjects without an assistive device is higher (55.0) compared to the one for those with an assistive device (43.43).This result points out that it is less fatiguing to walk with the assistive device because the p value following the paired sample T-test for VAS is momentous at 0.00.Again this is below the 0.0 5 significance level.The second question to be answered is Did the subjects walk further with assistive device? and the task also requires the use of a paired sample T-test. A paired sample T-test semblance points out that the mean distance covered with an assistive device is higher compared to that covered with a non assistive device(as shown in table 1). The P value got from the paired sample T-test is 0.03 and it is considered significant for it is below the 0.05 level. The means for distance 1(without an assistive device) and distance 2 (with an assistive device) are 283.30 and 296.63 respectively. The percentage difference of these means is shown in chart 2

Why did the First Crusade erupt Essay Example for Free

Why did the offshoot shake erupt EssayThe basic Crusade was a monumental event of the 11th century, where thousands of ordinary muckle took up the cross to make the extremely long and perilous journey to Jerusalem to fight the opposite the Muslim threat. Inspired by extreme homage to God and His church, people made this decision base on a single speech. Jonathan Philips argues that pope urban IIs speech in 1095 had managed to leave off together a number of key concerns and trends, synthesising them into a single, highly popular idea, which led to the firstborn Crusade. Described often as an ambitious politician, it is certain that the Pope intended this to happen, for various motives, and his audience were immediate consumers of the information he proclaimed to them. Pope urbans motives for his iconic speech in Clermont were largely restorative and ambitious. He wanted to restore Papal authority in the East, towards the Mediterranean, by recapturing the place cognize as the centre of the world, Jerusalem.The devoted Land had been taken from them 400 years earlier, so it would be exquisite to agree with Asbridge that the situation hadnt deteriorated significantly in the years before 1095. It can be argued that the Pope was recycling grey-headed events, dressing them in inflammatory language to create the explosive material he needed. Following in the footsteps of his ambitious predecessor Pope Gregory VII, he wanted to establish himself as the superlative leader in Europe emphasising his papal role as Gods representative on Earth above mere kings or emperors. The act of commanding great forces of the people of Europe for a single cause would demonstrate this kind of power. It would also act as a kind of integrative force for Europe that was fractured since the Great Schism of 1054, an event which undermined the Popes authority.The schism created the rival personate to the Pope the Greek Orthodox church, seated in the great Byzantine Empire . Pope urbans source material for his speech which caused the burping of the First Crusade came from a plea. Preceding the eruption of the First Crusade, its new young leader Alexios I was in trouble, and improving relations between the devil old rival Churches made him able to request help from Urban II in 1095. Seemingly attacked from entirely sides, Alexios had sought the help from mercenaries to help with the first of his problems, the Pagans in the North. In 1082 the Pope helped him stall Norman insurgents, although enteric fever was a better eradicator of the threat they posed to Alexios. However the greatestof his problems lay in the militant Seljuk Turks, new Muslim converts who were swiftly taking East Byzantine and swiftly crushed the special(a) Byzantine forces at the Battle of Manzikert. For this threat Alexios needed a greater force than he could muster.In March 1095 he sent envoys to interrupt a papal council in Paicenza, asking for the Pope to transport aid to he lp the Muslim threat in Asia Minor. He also exaggerated the threat set about him, as although it was serious, it was non necessarily as catastrophic as Alexios depicted it at the Council. Therefore when Urban gave is speech, it was under the premise of passing on Alexios message to the people of westbound Europe, so it was twice exaggerated, qualification it more sensational and causing the eruption of the First Crusade. It can be argued that Alexios request was not the closely important factor as it was merely a tool used by Urban to hit in with his own agenda. If it had not occurred Urban could still have relied on historical skirmishes with Islam over the Holy Land, inflaming them enough to seem an urgent responsibility.Whilst Urban whitethorn have had his own personal motives, and these may have conveniently coincided with the Byzantine crisis to create a compelling argument, this alone would never have caused the eruption of the First Crusade if it hadnt been for the fan atical reaction garnered from the people. This was because of the extremely important religious factor, the centuries-old medieval phenomena which Urban was not totally responsible for. It may be difficult for contemporary audiences to fully understand that total, unconditional, and inexplicit faith in God and religion knitted every human together in Western Europe, as Asbridge put it. The rituals of the Church dictated the rhythm of everyones lives, and doctrine of the Church was of last importance as it represented the key to heaven.Medieval introspective and sin-obsessed societies focused on this end goal. dark was feared but still was a common occurence, particularly in a society where violence was normalised. Penance, or absolution of sin, was the answer, and whilst standard Confession with a priest was thought of as being sufficient for more minor (venial) sins, the ultimate act of penitence was undoubtedly the Pilgrimage. In a largely allegorical, illiterate culture, the p ilgrims journey was shown to have magical qualities. In a world where the lines between the figurative and literal blurred, for some on that point was little distinction between the Holy Land and heaven itself. Urban indicated eternal bliss asnear guarantee as a result of this crusade. The more dangerous, the more sacrificial it was, the more devotion was shown to God, worthy of reward.However this strong religious culture alone would not have caused the eruption of the First Crusade without a world leader with his well-heard message of Gods calling the fractured peoples of Europe would not have been able to organise on that scale. In conclusion I would argue that Pope Urban was the primary cause of the eruption of the First Crusade. His rousing sermon was very cleverly calculated to command the vulnerable masses to the greatest extent possible, demonstrating the power of emotive rhetoric. The religious culture was one that existed some centuries before the event, and conflicts l ike the one experienced by Alexios were not uncommon. Instead it was Pope Urban, the politician, who tied these two factors together, if not for the benefit for his Church, then for his career.BibliographyPhillips, J. (2002). The Crusades, 1095-1197. 1st ed. Pearson Education. Jones, T. Crusades. (1995).BBC.Riley-Smith, J. (2014). The Crusades A History. 3rd ed. London Bloomsbury Academic. Purser, T. (2009). The First Crusade and the reformer States 1073-1192. 1st ed. Oxford Heinemann Notes

US invasion of Iraq Essay Example for Free

US violation of Iraq EssayThe research musical composition scrutinizes the violation of Iraq initiated by the join States. Iraki people had undergone s incessantlyal adversities as a consequence of this approaching and are still on the pursuit of envisioning autonomy and liberty from the herculean clench of United States. On this account, the paper tackles all the efforts do regarding the reviving and enlivening of Iraq made by several render actors in accordance to their own personal capacity.United States assaultd Iraq on 19th work on 2003, and an operation cognise by the name of Operation Iraqi Freedom was started together with the support of United Kingdom, Australia and Poland. On March 17, President Bush had already given an ultimatum to ibn Talal Hussein Hussein either to surrender or to establishment the military wrath of the coalition forces, but the Iraqi government fell to its knees on 9th April by the invasion initiated by the US forces which concluded wi th the capture of the Iraqs capital Baghdad (Copson, 2003).In the months of January March 2003, the US gathered its troops in the Persian Gulf. The total number of troops that the US gathered to invade Iraq was 100,000, further more(prenominal) military analysts assessed that though it will be possible even to attack in the establishmental heat of summer, but military experts observed that fighting contend in the cooler months before may would be much more favorable for the war (Hemmer, 2003). The American President George W.Bush and British acme Minister Tony Blaire viewed their actions as that of disarming Iraq of Weapons of Mass Destruction and to end Saddam Husseins sway of terror and his support for terrorists and their activities and obviously, to free the Iraqi people (Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003). However after the invasion, no WMDs were ever found in Iraq. The intelligence officials furthermore agreed on this fact that no chemical weapons catch been in production s ince the early gulf war of 90s (SHRADER, 2006). The CIA also accepted that no weapons of mass destruction had been found in Iraq.CIA officially released a report stating that CIA was not able to set any weapons of mass destruction (Associated Press, 2005). The question regarding Saddams links with terrorist organization, Al Qaeda creation the intimately important one, was also answered. There was no evidence found regarding direct link of Saddam being supportive of terrorist groups. Certain notable US persons have also raised fingers regarding the authenticity of the claims made that Iraq is linked with Al Qaeda and can supply weapons of mass destruction to Al Qaeda too.Carl Levin hot seat of the Senate Armed Services Committee understandably stated it to be exaggeration of the issue. Senator Dianne Feinsten also said that clearly the Al Qaeda issue was hyped (HAYES, 2003). Public Relations In January 2003, an American poll showed that most of the Americans were in favor of havi ng support from the allies before indulging itself in a war. moreover the American world even went for supporting big time for the President Bush in rescript to launch an invasion against Iraq.Polls further shifted in the favor of Bush administration chase Secretary of State Collin Powells February 5 presentation to the bail Council (CNN, 2003). Although some polls which were later carried out showed a decline in support of war, but President Bushs speech which he delivered on March 17, one time again was fruitful in gaining support from the American people. A Washington Post ABC upstarts polling showed that 71% back up President Bushs decision in going to war, and 66% supported the Presidents decision in not seeking the vote from United Nations Security Council (Washington Post, 2003). and nonetheless numerous Americans opposed the war too and of violating a countrys sovereignty. Large rallies and anti-war demonstrations were held in some(prenominal) of the cities especi ally huge protests in San Francisco and large demonstration in New York after the war begun. Many people also believed that because of this war, there will be high level of anti-American feelings round the whole world, and it can further add fuel to the fire (Cosgrove-Mather, 2009). Development regarding post-war IraqWith the switch of Operation Iraqi Freedom from a military to a reconstruction phase, Congress with the passage of time started to get more and more demanding regarding specific information from Bush judicial systems plans for rebuilding Iraq or the post-war future of Iraq. The prexy of The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Richard Lugar said that for a proper functioning of democracy in Iraq, it could at to the lowest degree take five years for this to be successful (Lugar, 2003).In addition many of the analysts and policymakers believed that in order to rebuild Iraq, it will be required for Congress to allocate additional funds for the future, but many were of t he view that international community should come forward too for rebuilding of Iraq. Several members of United Nations Security Council submitted a letter to President Bush too regarding their support for the post-war rebuilding of Iraq.Overall, Congress was of the view that after the downfall of Saddams reign of terror Iraq will be highly dependent on aid from the United States and the international community, particularly from the members of U.N. Security Council as well as number of law and military forces to maintain peace and order. But the question was that for how long Iraq will be requiring United States aid and help and how much assistance will need to be provided (Sharp, 2003). Post-Saddam Transition and Governance The U. S. aims for Iraq are for a united, democratic, and a civic Iraq that can sustain, govern, and defend it and is an ally in the global war on terrorism.The following sections discuss Iraqs progress toward those goals. In establishing a successful and peac eful rule in the new Iraq, a lot of complexities were involved regarding various post war risks to stability in Iraq, therefore many analysts were of the view that instead of going for the democratic form of government the present Iraq might be most effectively governed under a military regime which will not be going for the proceeds of full democracy in the country but instead would comply with U.N resolutions.However no one came forward to take the role of this leadership. The Bush Administration therefore appointed a retired General, Jay pull together to take up the responsibility of administrating Iraqs ministries. The Administration largely discarded the State Departments Future of Iraq Project that planned the administration of Iraq after the fall of Saddam. The project cost $5 one million million million and had 15 working groups on major issues (Department of State USA, 2005).Traditional administrative law (TAL) The Bush Administration was looking forward to holding of ge neral elections in the late 2005 however Ayatollah Sistani and others demanded for early elections and the return of Iraqi sovereignty which ultimately led the U. S to announce that sovereignty would be returned to Iraq by June 30, 2004 and national elections to be held by the end of 2005. This whole decision was made part of an interim constitution named as spiritual rebirthal Administrative Law.It was signed on 8th March 2004. It helped to provide a way for political transition and of holding of elections for National Assembly by January 31, 2005, drafting of a permanent constitution by fifteenth August and by providing a roadmap for national elections for a full depot by 15th celestial latitude 2005 (Katzman, Iraq Post-Saddam Governance and Security, 2009). Elections of 2005 The elections for transitional National Assembly, 18 provisional councils and the Kurdish regional assembly were held in 2005.The Sunni Arabs did not take part in the elections thus enabling the Shiite Unit ed Iraqi Alliance to ally with the Kurds and to master the national government. The elected government formed a committee which was given the task of drafting a new constitution and the constitution got approved on 15th October 2005. Sunni opposition tried to oppose the constitution but achieved only two-thirds of no vote in two provinces, not in the three, required to get the better of the constitution.But in the elections later held on 15th December for a first full term government the Sunnis in a way allied with the Kurds and accepted Nuri-al-Maliki as Prime Minister, he won the approval of cabinet on 20th May 2006 (Katzman, Iraq Politics, Elections, and Benchmarks, 2009). Promoting stability internationally and domestically After the war, the U. S pressure led UAE, capital of Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Syria and Egypt either to send ambassadors to Iraq or announced that theyll do it in the near future.Furthermore in almost 30 years, Iraq appointed its first Ambassador to Syria. Notable leaders who visited Iraq as a beginning of a new relationship were Jordans King Abdullah who was the first Arab leader to do so, he visited on August 11, 2008. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad visited in March 2008. Two of the most major locomote in reconciliation efforts were the visit of Turkeys foreign minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan and President Abdullah Gul and it was the first much(prenominal) visit by Turkish head of state in 30 years. The second was the visit of Kuwaits Deputy Prime Minister Mohammad Al Sabah in February 2009. Furthermore Saudi Arabia also model of opening an embassy in Iraq, however its still one of the pending issues and the final decision has yet to be made by the Saudi Arabia (Katzman, Iraq Post-Saddam Governance and Security, 2009). Even before that, Secretary of the Treasury John lead by the nose tried to use diplomatic means to promote Iraqs recovery.What he did was to try to persuade the institutions alike(p) that of World Ban k and the International Monetary Fund to support the rebuilding of Iraq. Snow reported that representatives of the G-7 alter nations had agreed on this decision to help Iraq in its rebuilding efforts if the U. N Security Council grants its permission. Furthermore governments were asked to concede the debt owed by Iraq, however Russia was particularly resistant regarding the subject matter as it owed $8 billion by Iraq and was heavily in debt itself (Blustein, 2003).

Giving Credit Essay Example for Free

well-favored Credit EssayAbstractIn this assignment we equation the lives of two men that bring into beingd inventions that channelized the world we live in. Through start their cargoners and success they had hurdles to jump and bring into being advance(a) thinkers to create futures in their challenging industry. Great men and thinkers can move mountains and open paths to refreshing industries.Giving Credit Where Credit Is DueAs entrepreneurs in a growing world of technology and change Andy Grove and Michael Dell pioneered the industry. They were innovators, visionaries and industry leaders in their fields. Andy Grove envisioned change to create instantaneous and more harvestive ways to utilize the way we process information. As an immigrant he passed with the walls of disquietude in his home country of Hungry which was facing many issues of destruction that the Nazis enforced. He flight-emitting diode to the United States in the 1960s to create a better life and futu re for himself. Andy established a small company that he called Intel which created an immense untested future for the com sender technology.His contributions awarded him the esteem acknowledgement as Time Magazines person of the year. He pursued his dreams as all inventors to create products and distribute in the ever-changing withdraw for impertinently technology. Andy Grove created the chip and the microprocessor that awarded information to be processed oftentimes faster and smaller in size. Mr. Dell also an inventor at an early age fit out up a laboratory in his dorm room while attending college to create his personalized computer.His success with the personal computer caught on quick because he use a direct hypothesis to include his guest in the structure of his product. Michael Dell believed that understanding his customers needs and issues would alter Dell to create good competitive products. He believed that cutting the middlemen out of the sales market would all ow him that advantage. With that direct antenna Dell was able to endure many obstacles as well as the fadeout that created market crashes in the early 2000s. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the outflank CEOs Know 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming either Business)both Andy Grove and Michael Dell endured much criticism from competitorsbecause of their business advent and products and business logic. Mr. Grove instilled paranoia in his corporeal CEOs so that they could become fearful of being caught off guard. Mr. Dell used his customers to create standards that would give him the confidential information edge over his competitors. Both were accused of manipulating the industry and deceiving the product consumers. Intel was accused of creating an inferior product that put fear into the consumer to believe the chips that were being used would create disastrous failures to the products who endorsed his chip. Dell had a simple approach to create sales and marketing by lowering the cost of his product by cutting out the middlemen which made him more competitive and viable to sustain the economic downfalls. His competitors accused him of lowering his cost so as to drive the market sales away from the non profitable companies.Both Mr. Grove and Mr. Dell used simple methods to approach the needs and creativity of the growing markets. Andy Grove made sure that being in addition comfortable with the products that his company offered just wasnt going to be enough. He looked ahead to keep creating new products that would soon be replaced by a growing need for better technology. Mr. Dell never doubted his approach to keep his overhead down and modeled his success on a customer based product. He believed creating his product for the customers rather than just offering his product without realizing their valuable input. Their similarities are based on what the customer and technology needs to sustain a profitable and sustainable future. They share innov ative ideas in product development and customer based satisfaction.They differed by the way each approached the markets, Intel needed to create a quality product sooner and more often to keep up with changing technologies. Dell used the customer to create products based on the user need. Each approached their core values of business and what works for them to create value and sustainability. Dell had the market share by using the internet to generate sales through machine to machine based sales and conserved his manpower to keep the cost of his product low. Intel pass many hours of research and product development to create new and innovative ground breaking products that led the industry standards.Mr. Grove believed that being complacent would drive him out of the industry and eventually close the doors. He encouraged his CEOs to listen to his sales team to find out the needs of the customers Andy Grove referred to those individuals as Cassandras that would pass on valuable custo mer feedback. His pushes to create paranoia made Intel strong and create rather than become comfortable because Grove feared that waiting for the market to fail made Intel week. Mr. Dell believed that his customers gave him the strength to survive and customize his business to their needs.Dell never overstocked and always built their product to order. Dell realized that over burdening their register would devastate their ability to keep costs down. Dell learned from their mistakes like the Olympic brand which compromised the need of customers and their ability to utilize technology threatened the Dell line of products. Dell made efforts to speak to the public and hear what they had to say and put that information into their products. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business)Both of these pioneers created a wealth of knowledge and bridged the technology industry to what is today. Innovation is the foundation of the industry and creating new and exciting products that can be user friendly and affordable make profits. Both of these two companies are very profitable and determined to create intelligent and appealing industries. The changing markets constantly demand new and better technologies that will enable us to accelerate computer speeds and retain more memory without absorbing higher prices and engineering.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. 2010). Publication manual of theAmerican Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC Author. (Krames, Jeffrey A. What the Best CEOs Know 7 Exceptional Leaders and Their Lessons for Transforming Any Business)

Focus of the Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Focus of the market Plan EssayConstruct an overview of immanent and external contingencies, describing at least two internal and three external contingencies and how they impact the sports marketing proposal. pardon market selection decisions including the psychological and sociological factors as influences. Include targeting and positioning of the product(s).Generate a Sports Marketing Mix for your brass instrument to address the promotion mix of advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and pricing. Create a plan for the marketing process. Within that plan include a control phase and an implementation strategy. Any unequaled issues should also be addressed in this section, including the impact on facilities and any specific departments or segments of the organization impacted by the plan.Writing the Marketing Plan The Marketing Plan Must be eight-spot to ten double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the O.K. APA style gui de. Must include a cover page that includes Students name feed in name and number Title of paper Instructors name Date submittedMust include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement. Must address the topic of the paper with censorious thought. Must conclude with a restatement of the thesis and a conclusion paragraph. Must use APA style as outlined in the sanctioned APA style guide to document all sources. Must include, on the closing page, a Reference Page that is completed according to APA style as outlined in the approved APA style guide.

Epic of Gilgamesh Essay Example for Free

larger-than-life of Gilgamesh EssayIn the epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh ventures upon a quest seeking immortality as a result to tranquility and significance in life. In means of this journey, Gilgamesh undergoes a combination of grand adventure, of mortality and also of tragedy. He tries to reach immortality in unusual ways, each as unsuccessful as its predecessor. Gilgamesh suffers conflict due to world two-part god and one part man, in a preliterate time, when gods were seemingly to be replaced by mortals on the throne of the city-states. Gilgamesh tries first through his actions, but then undergoes a transformation which leads him to next attempt sensual immortality. with events of this process, Gilgamesh encounters whom is to be his counterpoint, his couple.Gilgamesh then apprehends, on his journey to immortality, the truth of a man who endures the wrath of a god, in which he has displeased, causing a stage of extermination of serviceman. Gilgamesh gains mature knowl edge among his quest. Uruk, his city, is his legacy and the describe to his quest. The legends of the pursuit for immortality assembled in the Epic of Gilgamesh portray the conflict felt around Sumerian times.As urbanisation swept Mesopotamia, the ethnic condition pivoted from an unsettled hunting society to that of a rural gathering society. small-arm found his relationship with the divine indefinite and insecure. From the gods, Gilgamesh feature a perfect body, perfect beauty, restlessness and courage. From his father, Gilgamesh possessed mortality. This results in Gilgamesh having to face the ultimate conflict conflict of the desires of the god and destiny of the man. Even the king, to whom all things were kn hold, would take hold to confront commands of tragedy.Superior to all mortal, Gilgamesh finds no desirable match in love or in war. Intending to provide a companion, the gods create from Clay, Enkidu. Enkidu, the natural man re ared with wild animals, and as swift as the gazelle (Gilgamesh, 22). Gilgamesh and Enkidu seemed to equal out each other and quickly became partners. Gilgamesh was made by the gods so therefore has high ego confidence, very smart, but extremely arrogant. He felt as if he had supreme powers and that nothing was impossible. Enkidu was elevated by animals in the forest. He was brave, smart, and loyal to his new friend. Enkidu helped Gilgamesh discover his humble and kindhearted side by their newfound associatehood.Even though the first time they met was a long brawl, the two became inseparable brothers. non wholly have they fought against each other but they also fought against many other evils. This later concludes in Enkidus death and brings Gilgamesh into a sadness he thought he could only overcome if he was immortal. My hands strength, the sword in my belt, The shield before me (Gilgamesh, 62), reveals the nature of Gilgameshs relationship with his intelligence mate, best friend, and loyal companion, Endiku.The gods i n Gilgameshs epic are bestowed as being easily agitated and vindictive. be two-thirds a god himself, Gilgamesh acts of defiance also speak to a bitter aspect of the gods among ancient Mesopotamians. The gods are depicted as being challenging to satisfy, sometimes penalizing without account or granting punishments that seem out of equality to violation. Both men face consequence by insulting Ishtar, but Gilgamesh is able to face his own mortality and Enkidu discovers great knowledge of the measure of life. Subsequently, the loss of Enkidu, Gilgameshs young brother and dear friend landed Gilgamesh in a pit of despair. His equal companion has been overtaken by mortality. On his journey in search of immortality, caused by this fear of death, brought him to Utnapishtim. The man who was blessed with everlasting life later surviving the great flood. Aroused by the outrageousness, Enlil, the god of air, felt, In those days the world teemed, the people compute and the world bellowed like a wild bull The uproar of mankind is intolerable and sleep is no longer possible by reason of the babel (Gilgamesh, 70). As the advocate of destruction towards human kind, Enlil dominates with his weapon of storm.To his care, Anunnaki, gods of the underworld, flesh upon rising waters by lightening. A great flood that will exterminate all mankind has been cursed upon Utnapishtim. I looked at the face of the world and there was silence, all mankind was turned to trunk (Gilgamesh, 71). Similar to Noahs ark, like doves, a swallow and a raven were released. After land was promised, supply to the gods are sacrifices made by Noah and Utnapishtim. In turn, everlasting blessings were cast upon themselves and their families. Utnapishtim challenged Gilgameshs commitment to immortality by rescript Gilgamesh to prevail against sleep for six days and seven nights.Gilgamesh fails this request. This journey underscores his humanity, which he did not truly learn a lesson until he first erred in the wrong direction. Therefore, the society, by writing the story of Gilgamesh, guarantees not only his immortality, but the immortality of the new order being established. The Sumerians were the beginning literate culture of Mesopotamia.They carried the gift of language and ideas. In a time when gods were replaced by mortals, Archaic Sumerian civilization was the age. From the oldest of the tablets from Gilgamesh, language relates back to the one of the Sumerians. Through Gilgameshs desperate seek to find immortality, he eventually comes back to the point at which he began however, now he realizes that the beginning point was always the object of his quest.

The Award Phase - You Decide Essay Example for Free

The Award Phase You Decide EssayUnfortunately the ply course did not generate the expected profits therefore you atomic number 18 in the process of fade away the business. You vex no substance abuse for the high quality cooking equipment that was leased for the catering business. You assume the chefs entrust dwell in the cooking business and can use the equipment. It would be alone right with you if they took everywhere the lease. You understand there is no charge to remove your names from the lease agreement. However, you think the crush all around solution is to terminate the lease for the kitchen equipment. You also do not think that the chefs deserve the metropolis because they ca apply the business to fail. You need to recoup as much as your investment as possible to clean-cut an alternative venture. You recently began to look at the possibility of opening a outpouring patronage, although you have not yet done extensive planning for it. To do so you need capi tal. How will we split the $15,000 left in the investment? To be fair to our partners we will use the same capital distribution that was used at the beginning of the investment, Chris and Pat Smith, put $25,000 and the chefs put $10,000 up to total $35,000 for 100% of the divisions.Each share is worth $350, therefore we own 55. 5% of the company while the chefs own $45. 5%. We are graduate to $15,000 in working capital, which has to be split amongst the partnership. If we split this capital according to the ownership percentage, we should watch $8,325 and the chefs should receive $6,675. We do not think the chefs deserve this share because they caused the business to fail due to elaborate high-cost dishes being sold at a low-price. Also we will need capital for our new flower shop venture therefore we will give the chefs $3,000 and keep the remaining $12,000.As negotiation supplement we will use the kitchen equipment lease agreement options. We cannot use the kitchen equipment in our flower shop, but it could be reusable for the chefs to continue business. How to hide the lease on the kitchen space, which has 18 months more to run? We will need a rent space for our flower shop, and the interject front of the catering business is large enough for us. The chefs will want to keep the space because of the kitchen that is attached and the established business and customers who are familiar with the location. thus we should suggest them to amend the lease in their name merely and they should pay the $500 cost for this amendment. This would be the best solution due to the change state of the business relationship and difference in management styles. How to handle the lease on the van, which has 18 months more to run? We can use the van leased for our flower shop deliveries therefore we will keep the van. We will remove the chefs names from the lease for the van and offer them that we will pay the $500 for the amendment cost.To eliminate termination fees a nd to also redefine responsibility correctly for the van, this is the best option for our exit strategy. How to handle the lease on the kitchen equipment, which as six months more to run? either in all, you think it is better to leave the lease alone and just promise the chefs that you pay it quite an than pay the fee for changing the names on the lease, terminating it, or paying the fee to assign it to them. You are concerned that if they took over the lease and then later could not make payments, you would still be responsible.We cannot use the kitchen equipment in our new flower business, so this makes a good negotiation point for us. Since the chefs will continue in the cooking business we will offer them to amend the lease in their name only in return of getting more capital for our new business. They can keep the kitchen equipment lease in their name if they agree to be paid $3,000 from the capital. This would be the best solution due to the dissolve of the business relation ship and the chefs getting the kitchen space.In conclusion for our exit strategy meeting with the chefs we will dissolve the business $15,000 in capital distribution $12,000 will go to the entrepreneurs and $ 3,000 to the chefs. In regards to the well known store front, the chefs will take over the lease and pay $500 to amend the names. The van will go to the entrepreneurs and they will take over lease and pay $500 to amend the names. On the equipment the chefs will have immediate use for it and will take over the lease in conjunction with the kitchen space. We feel this is the nigh fair and best breakdown of the investment for both parties to move forward successfully.

Blooms Taxonomy Pyramid Essay Example for Free

Blooms Taxonomy Pyramid EssayI Actually found one verb that was present on the planning pyramids unit planning form. Compare and wrinkle weather and erosion actually had the compare verb for the Blooms analyzing. The other verbs include Remembering- rocks and basic components of a basic display case that are of the earths surface. Understanding- the way the earth looked during the Ice Age, sudden sort that occurred collectable to disasters, and weathering and erosion are forces that change the crust. Applying- geographic examples of how slow and fast changesEvaluating- how physical and chemical weathering is caused by humans The adaptions that are present on the planning pyramid form are thought through and planned out because it looks and seems like the instructor placed the four direction strategies content presentation, instructional grouping, provided practice, and progress monitoring that is listed int eh syllabus. It basically looks like the instructor is planning f or a visit from a guest speaker to talk about volcanoes.I do feel like that this would definitely cover the instructional grouping and content presentation, and I believe that due to the fact that students will get to learn and talk to a person that has a great wangle of knowledge about volcanoes and the erosion that it has done to the earth. I believe that provided practice is similar to the planning because the teacher is thinking and wanting to get rock samples, watch a erosion and weathering video, work with concept maps, and the teacher will as well have student to write in a daily log what they intentional on a day to day basis.The grouping teaching strategy is also an idea the teacher relates to because he or she wants the students to be in learning groups so that they can learn the textbook materials, and also have a buddy to help them study for pop up quizzes and tests. The progress motoring teaching strategy is also a good idea in what the teacher will use because he or she plans to have a vocabulary flash to help them review and have weekly quizzes and a unit test at the end to monitor his students.

Lamb to the Slaughter Essay Example for Free

love to the Slaughter look forRohal Dahls short story, Lamb to the Slaughter, set in the early 20th century, isnt your typical crime-fiction story, a murder is brewing. As the detectives strive for answers, eating a charge their only clue, Dahl communicates to the referee that the contrast is unexpected. A housewife, bloody shame Maloney, is expecting her husband home after a long day at work unaware to the news he carries with him. Dahl never reveals the news to the readers, but gives them clues by Marys reactions. As the author continues the story, the readers sense a mood between Mr. and Mrs. Maloney. This serves the purpose of foreshadowing by hinting at a future problem or disagreement. Dahl uses several writing techniques such as language style, quotationization, point of view, plot structure and setting to make the story more exciting and enjoyable.Lamb to the Slaughter, is written in their person to take most of the characters personal feelingings out of the story. paternity in third person is a stronger, more forceful type of writing because the main points and events rear out them selves without feelings getting in the way. One of the reasons authors write in third person is to dis-include themselves from the story. By utilise words like they, she and he, Dahl has excluded both himself and the reader from the story, creating a stronger, more enjoyable story.The first character introduced in the novel is Mary Maloney. Because it is only a short story, Dahl has left most of the visible features of the character out and focused more in the idiosyncrasies and actions of each character. Along the way Marys features are described but not in dept. Another way characters are revealed is by the way others react to them and how much emotion each character puts in their speech. Dahl has made sure that the readers feel intrigued by Mrs. Maloneys character and how she changes from such an innocent woman to an emotionless murderer.

Role of Media in School Children Education Essay Example for Free

Role of Media in condition Children Education EssayMedia is invading our personal lives with the scale and power given to those who are involved in the activities related to this mass learning provider. When you can make a choice, you are free to control what info or information you believe in and how you can use it for your own purposes. In most situations and for some people, however, the choice is not that simple and preliminary familiarity is not extensive enough to make function and logical conclusions. When I say this, I mean the choice and conclusions that kids make from the media programs and information that it provides them with. In late society with, to some extent, excessive information supply, information filters and control becomes an important and difficult challenge for individuals as well as social cells of the communities. It is a privilege of families to enable access of children to the information that will act upon their development positively.On the other(a) hand, it is a joint responsibility of parents and society to limit and reduce shun effects that the same media sources have on the young and developing minds of the school-aged children. Lack of personal experience and knowledge make children absorb and generalize information they receive from their closest relatives and social environment, and in case they do not have examples for particular behavior patterns around them, they will start searching for them in other sources, such as media.If cruelty and violence are exposed through media channels, it can obviously take a shit very negative effect on children. It is extremely difficult to agree on the level and full stop to which media is solely responsible for these consequences. The level of responsibility should be shared with family and society in order to strike the equilibrium point. It is, thus, important that both sides are held responsible and are clearly aware of the consequences that wrong information can hav e in a long run.

Unit 9 Final Project. Different methods of bookkeeping. Essay Example for Free

Unit 9 Final Project. Different methods of bookkeeping. EssayThere are several different methods of bookkeeping. There are item-by-item entry, double entry, and online bookkeeping. Single entry bookkeeping is simple and not to complicated because everything is entered into a single column. Its more or less identical your checkbook register. This type of frame is best for small businesses, and you can add more columns if needed. Disadvantages of this system is that financial information cant be included into the spreadsheet. Mistakes and errors can be only identified threw banking concern statement reconciliation. Double entry bookkeeping serves for large businesses that have lots of assets, several transactions and international suppliers of capital. Two entries are made for each transaction. Debit account and credit account. It testament have the date, account, calculate and credit.For each debit entry and be and opposite and credit entry is duly entered. The sum of de bits should equal the sum of all credits. Mistakes can be easily noticed. There are no disadvantages to this system. Online bookkeeping gives the customer an option to store their business documents, source documents and data in a web based application. This is through with(p) so that the offshore providers bookkeepers can remotely find these documents and update the accounts as needed. The advantages of this system is you can access you accounts anywhere. They have high standards of security. With 50% of cost savings compared to your present bookkeeper. Saves time and effort. All of these systems are hot but I think the best one would probably be the online bookkeeping. You can access it no matter where you go and you can access it 24/7 not just doing business hours. It will save you time, money and paper. You will be able to be in control of your accounts. Who wouldnt like that?Referencehttp//financial-outsourcing.blogspot.com/2008/08/different-types-of-bookkeeping-systems.htm l

Management of Local Environmental Projects

Management of topical anesthetic Environmental Projects in that respect ar various methods or approaches that post be utilize to manage topical anaesthetic anaesthetic surroundal calculates by dint of the implementation of environmental centering measures with varying degrees of success and effectiveness. The methods and approaches gived to manage topical anaesthetic environmental projects puke vary due to the objectives, active group membership, and the actual geographical location of those environmental projects. The scale and objectives of local environmental projects understructure vary greatly, ranging from short-term projects with a single objective such as re-create a polluted area or on longer- term projects with many objectives. These environmental projects will cheat on from those with a few volunteer members to those that could involve hundreds of concourse and rely on links between compress groups, volunteers, and local or even national government. Since environmental projects started to emerge from the late 1960s as mention began to grow about the ecological impact of human economic activities methods of environmental project management bugger off evolved. For ecologists the planning and implementation of local environmental projects has always been a major part of their strategy as a means of empowering local communities to emend their quality of life whilst helping the local environment. Local environmental projects had the advantage of non being controlled by government or businesses and could be regarded as an important drawstring of the social movements that emerged almost simultaneously with the ecology movement. Local environmental projects represented and still represent an alternate(a) economic, social and political outlook upon life and how irresponsible material gain should not be the elemental objective of governments and societies (Eatwell Wright, 2003 p. 233).Every environmental project should certainly dema nd the need for project management, whether on a full time, part time, or consultancy basis to maximise the ecological impact of the project. When it comes to nurseing the worlds environment people often assume that national governments afford the largest role to play in adopting measures to in arrears bulge out or even reverse ecological damage. However, everybody has an item-by-item responsibility to do their bit to defend their local environment. Environmental projects in theory and frequently in practice consent shown that as individual projects they have a limited impact upon the global environment yet if the affects of all the environmental projects were added in concert they are far from being insignifi flockt (Eatwell Wright, 2003 p. 234). Modern economic practices tend to emphasise that projects and economic activities at the local level are largely insignificant in comparison to regional, national, and international economic trends or decisions. That is not actuall y the case as much that has been achieved at protecting the environment has been influenced by or implemented by local environmental projects. Local environmental projects can help to change the widely held belief that only multinational corporations and national governments make a going to the environment as what cannot be measured is of no importance (Porritt, 1984 pp. 43-4).The people that manage local environmental projects have to consider some(prenominal) factors once it has been decided to start their environmental project. Unlike the earliest local environmental projects there are now a variety of government, non-governmental and business funding resources available that means people that are multiform in local environmental projects do not have to meet the costs of running or working on their environmental projects. That is an important consideration when many environmental project workers could be fired or volunteers, the majority of local environmental projects would not be able to function if their workers and volunteers were forced by financial necessity to work elsewhere. For local and confederation of interests environmental projects that are intended to have a long term future having a skilled environmental project manager that has the knowledge and the be intimate to attract funding is without doubt essential. An effective environmental project manager came make all the difference between continuing the project for the benefit of the local community and the environment, or the project closing down done lack of funding or volunteers. Funding can come in the form of grants do by central and local government, grants made by non-governmental organisations such as the National Lottery, or done business sponsorship or endorsements. In certain circumstances local and community environmental projects could be wasting diseased as contractors or sub-contractors to achieve the policies of local and national government. Businesses may genuinely want to help to protect the local environment or they may just want to gain some positive promotional material for themselves. Whatever peoples underlying reasons for countenanceing local and community environmental projects it is clearly in everybodys self interest to assist any projects that can protect their local environment (Jackson, 1996 pp. 181-3).As well as staffing levels and funding local environmental projects and their managers should also consider the resources that they need to operate effectively with and whether they can example sustainable resources or not. Local environmental projects may only be on a pure barely detectable scale when the global environment is considered as a whole yet they can prove significant at the local level. If every local community could decrease its consumption levels when added together that could have highly beneficial results (Redcliffe, 1996 p. 91). Local and community environmental projects should be projects that effectively m anage their resources so that they can limit environmental damage and help prevent or possibly reverse contamination levels within their respective communities. Local and community environmental projects should be pass judgmentd to judge how their resource requirements could be met through sustainable resources, recycling, and the conservation of energy. Local and community environmental projects for instance should try to keep their use of paper, energy, and pee to a minimum so as to reduce pollution (Chokar, Pandya, Raghunathan, 2004 p. 137).Thus all local environmental projects where possible should promote greener forms of energy consumption, and transport to improve the environment in their local area. There have not always been enough reasons for local and community environmental projects to proceed as the scientific cogent evidence of environmental decline was not widely or publicly accepted (Redcliffe, 1996 p. 136). If practical projects should attempt to use renewable energy sources either by selecting a renewable energy supplier or determination ways to operate their own power supplies (Chokar, Pandya, Raghunathan, 2004 p. 122). Ironically enough local and community environmental projects can become more effective and numerous as a result of national directives or canon to protect and in some cases to conserve the environment (Jackson, 1996 p.173). Local authorities can help improve the environment in their local areas by promoting traffic free zones and encouraging greener transport use. They could even consider helping local and community environmental projects by assisting those projects in using cycles and promoting walking (Vaz, 1999 p. 99).Local and community environmental projects should also help to protect the local and community environment by recycling as much as possible. Not only is recycling helping to improve environmental sustainability it could also be an extra source of income for some local and community environmental proje cts depending upon the volume of material recycled. Recycling has the added benefits of lessen the levels of nullify and pollution in local communities. The management of local environmental project needs to evaluate the ease of travel to the site of the environmental project. Consideration has to be made for people to walk, cycle or use public transport to reach the environmental project, either as workers, volunteers, or visitors. Transport issues can be more significant if the local and community environmental project is in a folksy area with less public transport and greater distances for people to travel to it. Persuading people to walk or cycle to the environmental project would help to reduce the vehicle exhaust emissions that increase pollution and acts as a major cause of health conditions such as asthma. Reduced levels of pollution are obedient for local communities, less pollution brings public health, and economic benefits to those areas compared to other areas were there has been no environmental projects establish and operating at all (Vaz, 1999 p. 158).Environmental project managers can gain funding, volunteers and workers for their projects through various channels. Gaining the support of the local community could be just as important for long-term success and continuation as obtaining direct funding can be. Local and community environmental project managers could attract supporters and volunteers by recording publicity in the local press and television coverage to make people aware of the environmental project and its objectives for improving the environment in the local area. Public awareness can data track to people donating to the project, working for the project, or it can make them adjust their individual behaviour to help the local environment by themselves (Redcliffe, 1996 p.136). Publicity campaigns if well judged or well timed could make the local environmental project newsworthy and with increased support or influence within the local community it is there to help. As well as press releases and articles in local newspapers local and community environmental project workers have found forging relationships with local schools, colleges, and youth organisations is beneficial. Such relationships can prove useful in facelift the profile of their local and community environmental project managers believe it useful in the gaining of workers or volunteers in the present and the future. Local and community environmental projects can form close links with schools, colleges, and youth groups by organising visits to those places or arranging for these groups to visit the environmental project. Project managers could also consider the option of allowing school children to go on projects as part of their work experience training or placement. Recruiting students at college or university could be another source of workers or volunteer as well as recruiting local people from the community (Vaz, 1999 p. 158).Increasing the number of people that visit local and community environmental projects potentially has legal consequences for the management of such projects to worry about. The local and community environmental projects management have to consider that they are legitimately responsible for the health and safety of everybody that works for, volunteers for, or simply visits their environmental projects. Managers should establish whether any of the materials, waste products, or working practices carried out as part of the projects are dangerous or detrimental to the health and safety of anybody linked to those projects. Before cleaning up pollution managers should check that all work does not contravene health and safety considerations (Jackson, 1996 p.55). Legal liability in the event of accidents could prove costly and lead to the closure of environmental projects that are inadequately insured. Local and community environmental projects especially if they work close with local government and c entral government departments may have contractual arrangements that can only be broken or unfulfilled at the cost of legal action been taken or threatened. With local and community environmental projects often needing public funding or believing they need it, the cost of losing such contracts could be financially hard hitting for environmental projects. Environmental projects could also be victims to changes in political policy decision making which might decide to reduce the funding available for environmental projects (Vaz, 1999 p. 138).A good example of a local and community environmental project that has benefited or could benefit from the use of project managers was the Colchester Local Food Project. The Colchester Local Food Project had two distinct objectives. Firstly the Colchester Local Food Project attempted to increase the profile and sales of organically grown products from the Colchester area. Organic realm has obvious environmental advantages, for instance not using artificial fertilisers and pesticides that cause pollution and health problems if not used properly. The other part of the project was to help keep the local farms in business by establishing a Farmers market for the local area. The environmental benefits of conventional farming techniques may not be as obvious as organic farming yet farming would cause less damage to the local environment than building new homes or industrial sites on the land. Environmental project managers could have brought benefits to the device by finding funding for the organic growers and farmers, as well as advice in producing the local victuals directories and promoting the Farmers market. The actual project ran from June 2003 through to December 2004 with the directories helping to improve awareness and solid food sales (www.en-form.supanet.com).BibliographyChokar K B, Pandya M, Raghunathan M, (2004) Understanding Environment, Sage Publications, New Delhi, Thousand Oaks and LondonEatwell R Wright A, ( 2003) Contemporary governmental Ideologies 2nd Edition, Continuum, LondonJackson T, (1996) Material Concerns Pollution, Profit and quality of life, Routledge, London and New YorkPorritt J, (1984) Seeing honey oil the politics of ecology explained, Blackwell, OxfordRedcliffe M, (1996) Wasted Counting the costs of Global Consumption, Earthscan, LondonVaz K, (1999) Cities for the future, Hansib Publications Limited, LondonW.W.-form.supanet.com/projectsenform.htm

Terrorism: Causes, Effects and Prevention Strategies

Terrorism Causes, Effects and Pr typefaceion StrategiesIn the last bingle-fourth of the century, at that place is a dramatic change in roughly of the flagellumist doivities, as they argon well-planned, with a int pole to accomplish a precise identifiable and seemingly attainable political goal. In the past, to the highest form of the terrorist activities composite incidents alike high-jacking an aircraft or the taking of a security following which reliable demands were made. Their aim was usu all in ally to waiver their friends, or group leaders from prisons.Terrorism in the last many exs has confinen a lots(prenominal) violent and destructive turn, and quite a lot the demands be not made. Terrorism at present is an act which is sudden, unprovoked, dilute brutal attack on innocent civilians slaughtering several heap in a crowd market or a gathering. Most of there terrorist attacks puddle had a political objective, which have immediately become rather diffu sed since the 9/11 attack. It now seems that the idea is to create fear and fear, and generally to get publicity through the television news and print media harmonise to several orthodox cultures, the terrorists resorted to this crabby type of extremism as the only way for accomplishing political change. Also it appears to be interconnected to globalization and the change magnitude impact of the United raises and other Western countries. This has added to the resentments of the people of that adjourn of the argona. Thus it is the larger developments, changes in the external political structure, and expansion of globalization through start the world that explains this trend in terrorism.The sixty years of low-down of the Palestinians and their unsuccessful efforts to get an independent evoke is one of the major reasons for the unrest in the Muslim atomic add 18a. The modern siege (412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of celestial latitude 2008 and the 18th of January 2009 as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried appear by the Israeli Occupying Forces The end year of 2009 inevitably This markeds the First Year Memorial of Operation reap Lead, when al roughly 1,400 Palestinians, mostly civilians were killed during the course of a brutal military operation carried pop out by Israeli governing. Thousands more were wounded or displaced. 412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of December 2008 and the 18th of January 2009. These children were killed as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces) affected the Palestinian social theoretical account completely. As the suffering grows with all(prenominal) violent incursion into Palestinian communities hatred and tendency of revenge also increases among them. During the Gulf War, and more recently in Afghanistan, the terrorist groups often resort to psychic warfare because its the only tactic they have obtainable to them.Th ey dont have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They dont have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,says Haroun, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. (cited in Warner, 2005).1 In reality these terrorist attacks does not disparage the enemy physically very much, as few people could be killed in an attack. But the repercussions are tremendous from the psychological point of view. Ordinary people viewing the terrorist attack in person or watching it on television, gets anxious, terrified, and often develop a ace of foreboding fear, which in turn may lead to de goodization in the entire society.Psychological TerrorWhatever is their modus operandi, terrorists share very corresponding aims. Alexander and Klein (2006)1 concisely identified the aims of terrorism as followsTo create pervasive fear, misgiving and panicTo collapse a collective and item-by-item sense of helplessness, vulnerability an d hopelessnessTo demonstratereveal the incompetenceineffectiveness and/or inabilityincapability of the authorities to provide certification and protectionsafety over against such opponentsAnd provoke the establishment into errors or over- receptions which will disaffect the general public or precise influential bodies.The last point is essentially critical as observed by the widespread concerns as for example the shooting of an innocent man by the Metropolitan Police in London sometime ago (as a result of consequent to the wrong information that he was a suicide bomber) the incarceration of terrorist suspects in high security prisons of Guantanamo Bay and Belmarsh and the introduction of repressive legislation. Moreno (2003)2 has persuasively proven how easy it is in a democratic society to subordinate hard-earned civil liberties to the pick out to introduce counter-terrorist legislation. The terrorist attacks provide harsh reminders that in todays world, one does not know wh at news may come close on television or other news media. Particularly disturbing television images of horrific incidents can trigger the innate set or so response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened. Historically, every military clash has led to psychological warfare in some form in one way or another as the enemy aims to break the morale of their opponent. Due to progress in technology the popularity of the internet and increase of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of psychological fighting have changed.Whether it is a substantial attack or a single dreadful act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restricted to the physical damage it produces. Instead, the intent of these attacks is to in even-temperedinstil a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual scourge itself.According to Professor Richard Bulliet of Columbia UniversityThere are non-homogeneous slipway to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person.Interestingly the way media covers the event in detail determines the effect on the people. For instance, according to Bulliet, the Iranian hostage predicament, in 1979, which though lasted for 444 days, was infact really one of the most harmless of (word harmless) criticalthings events that occurredhappened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All the U.S. hostages were released ultimately unscathed., exactlyHowever this hostage event remains a psychological scarblemish for m any(prenominal)several Americans who watched powerlessly, each evenings newscast, they counted days the hostages were being held in custody.The terrorists often take advantage of images of a group of masked individuals coercing and intimidating holding total power over their captives to sendconvey the message that the act is a collective demonstrationdisplay of the groups power rath er than an individual criminal act.You dont have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. Its an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized. The randomness and the ubiquitousness of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities. (cited in Warner, 2005).3Remote Repercussions of Terrorist AttacksWhen a horrific event occurs, it is natural to witness disturbed, even if the act occurred thousands of miles away. The human reaction is to put oneself in the situation because as normal human beings, people have the capacity to empathize. And consequently these people may develop sympathetic psychological symptoms. Witnessing an act of psychological terror can also disrupt our belief system, says Charles Figley, PhD, director of the Florida State University Traumatology Institute. (cited in Warner, 2005).4We walk around, psychologically, in a bubble, and that bubble represents our belief system and values. Most often we assu me incorrectly that other people have the same values and social niceties as we do. When that is profaned or challenged, the first response is usually an effort to protect our beliefs and, in other wrangle, to deny that it actually happened.When A s soon as confronted with proof of terror, such as pictures of atrocities, Figley says there are a few different waysdifferent ways in which people typically reactThey perceive perpetrators to be inhumane. break down fearful as they perceive they are living in a callous and unsafe world because the graph bar of inhumanityhumanity has been lowered even upgrade. Believe that its only a fleeting incident which could be easily explained away or deconstructed by precise things that have taken place, such as if we hadnt through with(p) this, then that would not have happened. Its uncomfortable believing that the world is less safe, so we have to intend or construct a scenario that will allow us to feel more safe again and resist change, says Figley.There is an interesting and strange symbiotic relationship between terrorism and the media. Bruce Hoffman, the director of the eye for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, in his book Inside Terrorism has written a egest summary of some of the major historical trends in international terrorism. He makes careful distinctions between the motivations that catch political (or ethno-nationalist) terrorism and religious terrorism, and he explains also shows why the rise of religious terrorism, coupled with the increase availability of weapons of galvanic pile destruction, may foretellpredict an eraepoch of even greater violence. In the past, Hoffman argues, the main goal of the terrorist was not to kill and destroy, but to attract media attention to his cause in the hope of initiating reform.For the religious terrorist, however, violence is first and beginning(a) a holy act or divine duty executed in direct response to some theological demand or imperative religiou s terrorists see themselves not as components of a system worth preserving but as outsiders, sampleing funda noetic changes in the existing order. (Hoffman, 2006).5In this context of use Hoffman does not choose sides, he refers to in this framework, pointing to the bombings of the World Trade Center ,and Oklahoma City and the Tokyo,to the gibibyte nerve gas attacks, in Tokyo in order to demonstrate that radicalsfunda noeticists of any religious agnomen are capable of radical acts of terrorism.Terrorism is an aggressive-hostile action which is mainly intended to harm and terrify civilians, in order to promote a embark onicular aim, or with an the idea, which may be social political or other. The terrorist attacks, are now gaining major importance than wars in the news headlines worldwideTerrorism and its Effects on cordial HealthWhether its a massive attack or a single dreadfulhorrific act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restrictedlimited to the physical damage i nflicted. Infact the primary objectivestead, the goal of these attacks is to inculcate a sense of fear whichthat is much greater than the actual threat itself. Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are revealedpublicized and interpreted.Typical reactions to major trauma on the individuals and communities are well-documented but the literature on the individual reactions to terrorist incidents is scarce. Most of the reactions at the initial phase following trauma are normal reactions and only few individuals display florid psychopathology. (Alexander and Klein, 2006).6Normal individual reactions to a terrorist attack are aroused Reactions shock, numbness, denial , fear, anxiety , helplessness, hopelessness.Cognitive dys unravels as disorientation, confusion ,intrusive thoughts, images, memories ,hypervigilance (i.e. increased sense of risk),impaired concentration and memory.Changes in social interaction, like coitus interruptus ,irritability ,loss of trust and faith , avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event).Physical reactions as autonomic hyperarousal , ,loss of energy. insomniaAutonomic hyper-arousal, insomnia, loss of energy.Emotional shock, numbness, denial, fear, anxiety helplessness, hopelessness.Cognitive disorientation, confusion, intrusive thoughts, images, memories.Hyper-vigilance, impaired concentration and memory.Social withdrawal, irritability, loss of trust and faith, avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event).These normal reactions comprise most of the core symptoms of PTSD, i.e. intrusive experiences, hyper-arousal and avoidant behaviour, as defined in the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10 WHO, 1992).7 For a formal diagnosis of PTSD, such symptoms must be experienced for at least(prenominal) a few weeks. (The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV also necessitatesrequires that such symptoms mustto be present for one month. (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).8In addition the impact on individuals, terrorism has mass psychogenic impacts. Mass psychogenic illness has been defined asThe rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms modify members of a cohesive group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving excitation, loss or alteration of function whereby physical complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no corresponding organic aetiology. (Bartholomew Wessely, 2002). 9As regards conjunction reactions, they may present with distinct features. Tyhurst provides a three phase model of community response. (Tyhurst, 1951).10 In cast I, most individuals are liable to be stunned, numbed or even in denial. Denial was the commonly reported reaction among the office staff of Capital Hill, Washington DC following the anthrax scare in 2001. It took some time for the affectees to realize they might have been exposed to a toxic substance. North et al., 2005).11 Wi despread panic is not a typical reaction (though widely depicted in disaster films, etc.). Approximately 10 per cent of victims are likely to panic, and this reaction is most likely when victims believe they are trapped and feel helpless. Durodie Wessely, 2002).12In the 1987 Kings Cross underground fire most passengers did not panic on the contrary, they sought out the usual methods of entry and exit. (Donald Canter, 1992).13 Similar personal reactions were observedgiven after the London terrorist incidents of July 2005. Hence the civil contingency preparation clearly should not be based on ill-informed assumptions about human behaviour. Even in extreme situations human behaviour can be rational, altruistic, and even heroic.In Phase II which is the Recoil Phase, individuals seek to make sense of what has happened. They seek reunion with their common sources of support, e.g. families, friends and colleagues. Even makeshift groups may develop as individuals seek understanding and mu tual support. During this period, the community develops a sense of order and control, and the concerned relief authorities can do a lot much to facilitate this step towards recovery..Phase III, the Recovery Phase is characterized by alternating episodes of adjustment and relapse and there may be some obvious examples of resilience and positive outcomes. Further comprehensive research studies must be A lot of research tranquillize needs to be do in order to understand how communities cope with chronic exposure to threat and adversity, but Jones and his colleagues have reassessed the social effects of air raids in Great Britain during the Second World War. They express a high level of civilian resilience developed during that period. (Jones et al., 2004).14 Similarly, law enforcement authorities have commented on the apparently low level of violence-related psychopathology reported in Northern Ireland during the Troubles.Clinical info is still not enough to identify It is unclea r, as to what are the protective factors in these circumstances. Extensive denial, social cohesiveness, a united front against a common enemy or some other as in so far undetermined influences could be termed as protective factors.Mental Health StudiesMental health research studies are conducted worldwide to explore the effects of terrorism both on the individuals and the community. Whereas some emphasize the psycho-pathological effects of terror (Galea, Ahern, Resnick et al., 2002),15 others focus on the human suffering, which is not identical to psychiatric morbidity (Wessely 2003),16 and on community and pagan factors that enable people to endure the stressful event (Hobfoll, 2003).17 This conflict between two distinct approaches (Wessely, 2003) ishas hitherto to be keep goingd. Any horrific event can affect people directly or indirectly even if they are not the targets. Hence the target of the interventions is not the individual victim only, but all the people more indirect ly affected by the incidence. An impartial approach may be suitable. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for action during emergencies which seem to support such a stand (WHO, 2003).18Experiencing or witnessing a violent attack does not necessarily mean that the individual will inevitably develop psychiatric morbidity (Curran, and Miller, 2001).19 After the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City, it was observed thatIn the aftermath of terrorist attacks, many Americans regarded their tribulation as a normal reaction rather than a disorder needing psychiatric care. (Drus and Marcus, 2004).20Presently available data suggest that it takes more than the agent (e.g., threat to life) to lead to psychopathology. Indeed, the role of the environment is of significance, as a part of the epidemiological triangle that has been discarded by a greater focus on host-related factors (e.g., gender or age of the victim). ) A study on adults have recognized a group of fact ors, including religious beliefs, ideologic commitment and social capital, that have protected communities which were highly exposed to terrorist attacks (like the loss of dear ones, physical injuries and topographic point damage etc). Ideology and religion may be used as a healing power, but also as a weapon. This is especially true in the Middle East region. (Solomon, and Laufer (2005)21 Shalev et al. Shalev,22 Tuval-Mashiach Hadar, 2004 Kaplan et al. Kaplan,23 Matar, Kamin, et al., 2005 Billig, Kohn, and Levav, 2004).24All the research data today gives hope that, by advancing research on the amiable health effects of war-related activities will be conducive to the development of new techniques to counter the psycho-social aftermath of wars and other such traumatic events., Ppsychiatrists worldwide are joining the call by WHO member states to devise means to restore the psycho-pathological damage sustained by victimized populations. The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) has b een active in the recent Gaza Massacre,by giving an official debate. (See Mario Maj. statement in Chapter 1V -Wars in the Muslim World1).25Nonetheless On the other hand, psychiatrists could play other roles even at the risk of raising idealistic initiatives which cynics might like to dismiss. There are several possibilities open for psychiatrists who, by the nature of their profession can, besides promoting health, support peace rather than war. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals from countries in conflict could engage in alliance in a number of activities (e.g., teaching, exchange of experiences in weapons platform development and services, communication), while they are actively, tenaciously and continuously supported by WPA.Most importantly, psychiatrists must endeavour to make their societies even more ardently aware that in armed confrontations no one is a winner but that everyone is a victim. The model of collaboration in the Balkans, where mental health is a bridge to reconciliation within the framework of the Stability Pact, is a concrete example of what could be achieved when a merge language is spoken, and when such an effort is reinforced by dedicated support from sources that are not part of the conflict.Terrorism is a paradoxa topicalcontemporary, high-profile subject with clear relevance to the real-world today relevance, yetNevertheless with limited unquestionable and desperate shortage of research data available es in the area. Therefield there is an urgent need to encourage the younger researchers to take a keen n interest in continuing maintaining research activities .y in the area.Psycho-Social Effects of Terrorism on the Muslim WorldWhile cypher is easier than to denounce the evildoer, nothing is more difficult than to understand him. (Mikhailovich Dostovsky)The Muslim World has endured a succession of terrorist attacks in the last decade and faced the war against terrorism with endurance and resilience. The countries most affected were Iraq, Gaza, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and particularly the FATA region in Pakistan which has been tagged as the centre of terrorist training. Pakistan also became the first line of defense in this War on Terror. The most distressing aspect of this war is the amount of destruction, damage and killing of innocent civilians of these regions. Ironically the damage done following the declaration of this war is to a large extent much greater than the loss which resulted due(p) to the actual terrorist incident of 9/11 in New York.The Muslims worldwide have confronted the worst degree of terrorism from the powers who claim to bring peace and justice in the world. It is logical and justifiable to control and battle against those who are involved in such degrading and inhumane acts of terrorism, however, some contemplation is necessary to alter unreasonable and illogical methods or strategies chosen to fight this terrorism. The international media has been a major partner in this war against terrorism and played a key role in portraying religious extremism in Islam as the major cause of present-day terrorism. But this is untrue since Islam is primarily a religion of peace, hunch forward and harmony. Unfortunately, clerics who have limited knowledge of the teachings and values of the Islam have misguided some people for their vested interests. The misinterpretation of the teachings of Islam by irresponsible clerics has led to fanaticism.Islam is the most practical religion of the world. As narrated by Dr Muzammil H. Siddiqi26The concept of human rights in Islam is based on two important principles dignity of human beings and justice. Islam emphasizes that all human beings are honoured by Allah subhanahu wa taala. Allah wants all human beings to live in peace and harmony and for this reason He wants us to establish justice in this world. Without justice there is no dignity and without dignity and justice there cannot be any peace.There are several pas sages in the Holy Quran verifying the higher up narrationIf any do fail to judge by (the light of) what God (Allah) hath revealed, they are (no bring out than) unbelievers. (Holy Quran 544).o ye who believe Stand out firmly for God (Allah), as witnesses to bazaar dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just that is next to piety and fear God (Allah). For God (Allah) is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Holy Quran 58).Human blood is sacred in any case and cannot be spilled without justification. Violating this rule is equivalent to killing all of humanityif anyone potful a person unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land it would be as if he slew the whole people. (Quran 532).Hence the Holy Quran advocates that death of a single human being is a death of humanity. At present it is vital to understand that words terrorism and war against terrorism apparently seems to be propaganda against Islam and Muslims. Such perceptions against Islam and the Muslims have taken a damage on the social, psychological and emotional well-being of Muslims in different parts of the world. (Zafar, 2007).27Psycho-Social Impacts of Gaza Conflict On 31 January 2008, the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme (GCMHP) organized a Conference on Effects of military blockade on Life and Mental Health of Palestinians in Gaza Strip. Taysir Diab, Clinical Psychiatrist and Supervisor at GCMHP, talked about the mental impacts of the siege based on GCMHPs experience. He stated that there It is not one, but were a group of bio-psycho social factors that which caused mental illness. Diab of these factors under the siege on Gaza and that the and its psychological, physical and social impacts of these factors were clinically identifiable. The siege, he said, had a direct effect on the appearance of new psychiatricmental cases and the relapse of old ones.There are personal differences on the physical and psych ological levels there are protective factors such as religion, patriotism, norms and values, as well as social support. All these factors along with others contributed in the protection of individuals.and the development of new mental illnesses in the Palestinian people.According to Diab, a vast majority of the Palestinian populations were suffering from symptoms of psychiatricmental disorders. He pointed out that the clients of GCMHPs Community Centers suffered from various psychological problems, including panic, insecurity skin perceptivenesss of insecurity, easily provoked aggressiveness, anger, easily provoked, psychosomatic disorders, depression, frustration, low morale, fear, little concentration, lack of belonging or affiliation, lack of confidence in self and others, emotional numbness,numbness, and PTSD symptoms., various physical complaint, Oobsessiveon-Ccompulsive Disorders were common, and there was a definite rise in illness relapses.rise in illness relapses.Diab fur ther mentioned that the siege affected the vulnerable groups, in particular children who suffer increasingly from fear, panic, and at times apathylack the feeling of risks, tendency of sadness and insecurity feelings of insecurity., as well as Bbed-wetting and stutteringstuttering, was also a common presentation. He also pointed that the siege affected the mental health professionals in term of increasing their mental stresspressures and state of frustration, avoidance, nervousness, and professional burn-out.Furthermore, Ahmad Abu Tawahina, Senior Clinical Psychologist and Director General of GCMHP, statedmentioned that the major aimplan behind the siege imposed by Israel wasis to implantinstil panic and fear among the Palestinians citizens. He saidWe, as Palestinians, must never live a preclude and despairing life and have to get rid of the banish impacts of siege since life goes on, and the professionals must exert all efforts in order to help people cope with the difficult situ ations.Twahina also stated that it was vital that Palestinians should not drown in terror and fear since most of the above mentioned symptoms are natural reactions to a madcrazy reality. He also addressed the concept of victimof victim psychology and commented on the importance of offering the mental services for people who suffer from frequent depressions, and increasing concerns. According to him the mental suffering affects everybody but at different levels, and that theere is depression, anxiety, tension, and despair is prevalent at the entirewhole community levels. In his work paper, .Samir Zaqout, a psychologist at GCMHP, discussedtalked about the social changes resulting from the siege. He statedadded thatthe siege started in 1948 when Israeli Occupation practiced siege policy in an attempt to deny the Palestinians their identityThe siege is doubled as it is imposed by Israel and the international community since they didnt allow the Palestinians to practice their rights in a democratic way.Further, Zaqout pointed that the siege affected the Palestinian social fabric and domestic relations as hatred and tendency of revenge increased among the Palestinians. It also affected the moral values and accepting the other as well as increasing inter and intra familial disputes and conflicts.Summing up the proceedings of the Conference Eyad el Sarraj pointed to the significance of highlighting such statistics and showing the direct impacts of the siege on the citizens. He stressed on the importance of the accuracy and avoiding exaggeration in stating any statistics. Sarraj focused on the victim psychology. He saidSince we, as Palestinians, shouldnt adopt the role of victim, and exaggerate in blaming others and defaming ourselves. Our priority should be national reconciliation and unity and supporting the Palestinian resiliency so as to achieve our countenance rights, endorsed by international conventions.Concluding the conference the mental health experts reiter ated that it was crucial that the siege must end and professionals must undertake their roles in the field of education and mental health. This would be the first step in to bring some semblance of normality to the lives of the Gaza Community. This step was vital, in order to enable them to cope with negative consequences of the siege and minimize the resultant burdens. Moreover, it was agreed to work on the promotion of mental resilience programs for destination the siege and developing coping strategies to counter the negative mental health consequences.It was agreed that the Palestinian people are steadfast and live with dignity, and should not bend or despair and take matters positively and effectively in order to resist all schemes aiming at weakening Palestinian social fabric, and to achieve the Palestinian rights in freedom, independence and establishing the Palestinian state. Further, the attendants emphasized the importance of working, as specialists in various fields, on influencing the last makers in the Palestinian society and acquaint them with the destructive impacts of the siege at all levels, especially the mental health of the future Palestinian generations.The physical and mental health needs of sufferers of Gaza are extremely gainsay to address, particularly the psychological and emotional crises. During the last Israeli military strike in the period from December 2008 to January 2009, approximately 1380 Palestinians were killed, of whom 431 were children and 112 women. (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2009). At least 5380 people were injured, including 1872 children and 800 women. In these improvised settings within health facilities such as maternity wards and operating theatres were transformed into trauma units. The consequences must be drastic in terms of maternal and child morbidity and mortality because 3500 deliveries were expected to have taken place during the twenty-three days of military operations. Findings from a re cent UNFPA assessment indicate that, during that period there was an increased number of miscarriages in pregnant women (Shifa, Al Aqsa, Naser, Rafah), and an increased neonatal mortality in Shifa Hospital in Gaza City. (UNFPA, (2009).According to World Health Organization (WHO), only the rough estimates show that during the last Gaza crisis 25000 to 50000 people underwent dread(a) mental stress and need some form of psychological intervention to address long-term effects. Women, separated children, time-honored people, and people with prior physical or mental disabilities are at high risk of severe emotional distress than others. The restoration of normal socioeconomic conditions, secure living